reoccurring. Let’s look at the conjugations. Similar to the preterite, the verbs ending in ER and
IR are conjugated the same way. For AR verbs, we use the following endings. Yo, aba. Tú, abas.
Él/ella/usted, aba, nosotros/as, ábamos. and ellos/ellas/ustedes, aban. It is important to note that
there is an accent in the nosotros form. Now let’s move to the ER/IR conjugations. Now we have
Yo, ía. Tú, ías. Él/ella/usted, ía. Nosotros/as, íamos. And ellos/ellas/ustedes, ían. All of these
forms have accents on the “í” but share the same vowel sound of “a” at the end as the AR.
6. Irregular Imperfect
Fortunately, there are no stem changers in the imperfect. In fact, there are only 3 main irregulars.
Ser, ver, and ir. The conjugations for ser are era, eras, era, éramos, eran. The conjugations for ver
are veía, veías, veía, veíamos, veían. And ir are iba, ibas, iba, íbamos, and iban.
7. Preterite vs Imperfect
Now to talk about the differences between preterite and imperfect. Both of these tenses are used
to describe past events, but they are each used in specific situations. The preterite tense is used to
describe past completed actions. Generally this means shorter events. An example of this is “I
played in a baseball game.” This would translate to “Jugué en un partido de béisbol”. This
sentence uses the preterite because the game had a beginning and an end in the past. The
imperfect is used to describe past continuous or habitual actions. If I said “I played baseball
when I was a kid.” I would translate this to “Jugaba béisbol cuando era niño.” Let’s look at this
timeline. This line is time with the end points as the present. If we were to graph the events that
would be described using the preterite. They would be placed like this. All of the points are
distinct, completed events. If we graph the imperfect it would be more fluid and look like this.
The imperfect is continuous in the past.
8. Review
Now with all of the information you have heard today, here is a short review of important things
we covered.
The preterite is used to describe past, completed actions. The regular endings for AR verbs are
“é, aste, ó, amos, and aron.” ER and IR verbs end the same way with “í, iste, ió, imos, and
ieron.” We have 4 main groups of irregular verbs in the preterite as well.
We have our old/vowel stem changers that now only effect IR verbs with O-U or E-I and only in
the third person singular and plural forms. We have our new stem changers that are separated
into the U group, I group, and the J group. We have car, gar, and zar which are AR verbs that
change the yo form only. And we have our unnaccented irregulars which are ser, dar, and ver.
The imperfect is used to describe past continuous or habitual actions. The AR endings are aba,
abas, aba, ábamos, and aban. Both the ER and IR endings are ía, ías, ía, íamos, and ían.
And lastly, the main thing to remember is that the preterite is used to describe more exact
moments in the past and the imperfect describes something that was continuous for a longer
period of time.