5
9. What is the name of the wrien language of the
Sumerians? Cuneiform (54)
10. What changes can take place in everyday life when
one person rules several conquered peoples? Loss
of freedom, resentment toward rulers, loss of national
identity; many answers possible
Lesson 12
1. What is the central reality of Egypt? The Nile River
(56)
2. Which of the two divisions of Egypt is close to the
Mediterranean Sea? Lower Egypt (56)
3. What did God demonstrate to the Egyptians
through the plagues? He had more power than their
gods. (57)
4. Why were Egyptians buried with supplies such as
food and furniture? Egyptians believed they would
need provisions for the after-life. (57)
5. What do you think some of the benets were of the
absolute rule of the pharaoh? What do you think
were some of the drawbacks? Benets: there were
few government upheavals; people respected the word
of the pharaoh; Drawbacks: the pharaoh was seen as a
god; the lives of the people were closely regulated by the
government; other answers possible (57)
6. What was the name of the position in Egyptian
government probably held by Joseph? Vizier or
second in command (57)
7. What important discovery was made in Rosea by
troops of Napoleon in 1799? The Rosea Stone, a large
rock slab with text in Greek and hieratic and demotic
hieroglyphs that was the key to modern understanding
of the Egyptian language (59)
8. In what ways does a wrien language help a
country be and remain strong? Communicating
ideas, remembering the past, learning from the Bible;
other answers possible
9. Where do we get the word paper? From papyrus,
the material made from reeds on which the Egyptians
wrote (59)
10. Why do you think the Egyptian civilization lasted
a long time compared to many other civilizations?
Answers will vary, but might include: even though
they did not know the one true God, they were a deeply
religious people; they experienced few government
upheavals.
Lesson 13
1. Explain the saying, “Necessity is the mother of
invention,” and give an example of it. An invention
is created when a person notices a need that is not being
met or is not being met satisfactorily. Examples will
vary.
2. What are common motivations for advancing and
inventing? The need to improve methods or techniques,
making work more ecient, making money, making life
easier, gaining fame, scientic curiosity; many answers
possible
3. What important sailing invention is credited to the
Sumerians? The sailing ship (61)
4. What did the Sumerians create to make agriculture
easier and more productive? The yoke, the wheeled
cart, and an irrigation system (61)
5. What two metals are the components of bronze?
Copper and tin (61)
6. Name a few ways your daily life is aected by the
decision of the scholars of Sumer to divide each
hour into sixty minutes and each minute into sixty
seconds. Answers will vary.
7. How did the Egyptians organize their calendar?
365 days with 30 days in each month and ve extra days
at the end of the year; each month was divided into three
ten-day cycles. (62)
8. What originally covered the exterior of the
Egyptian pyramids? limestone (62)
9. What shape, which was used for the Washington
Monument, originated with the Egyptians? The
obelisk (63)
10. Name some of the tools and machines that are
utilized by today’s scientists, engineers, and
mathematicians that, as far as we know, were
not available to the Sumerian and Egyptian
civilizations. Many answers possible, including:
calculators, computers, microscopes, electricity
Lesson 14
1. Name four of the boasts Hammurabi makes
about his accomplishments in the Law Code of
Hammurabi. Answers are found in this portion of the
text of the Law Code of Hammurabi: “Hammurabi, the
prince, called of Bel am I, making riches and increase,
enriching Nippur and Dur-ilu beyond compare, sublime
patron of E-kur; who reestablished Eridu and puried the
worship of E-apsu; who conquered the four quarters of
the world, made great the name of Babylon, rejoiced the
heart of Marduk, his lord who daily pays his devotions
in Saggil . . . . When Marduk sent me to rule over men,
to give the protection of right to the land, I did right and
righteousness . . . , and brought about the well-being of
the oppressed.” (65)
2. What region did Hammurabi rule? Mesopotamia
(65)
3. Why did Hammurabi create his code of law?
Hammurabi did not want to handle each legal case
himself, so he established a code for his kingdom that
gave judges guidance in how to decide cases that came
before them. (65)