European Coffee
Report 2022/2023
European Coffee Report 2022/2023 2
European Coffee Report 2022/2023 3
CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................................................. 4
2. CONVENTIONS, NOTATIONS AND DEFINITIONS .................................................................... 6
3. GREEN COFFEE PRICES AND STOCKS....................................................................................... 8
4. EU27 GREEN COFFEE IMPORTS: VOLUME, ORIGINS AND TYPE OF COFFEE .............. 10
4.1. Origins of green coffee imported into the EU27 area ...................................................................... 13
4.2. Type of green coffee imported into the EU27 area .......................................................................... 16
5. EU27 IMPORTS: GREEN DECAFEINATED COFFEE, ROASTED COFFEE, ROASTED
DECAFFEINATED COFFEE AND SOLUBLE COFFEE.............................................................. 17
6. EU27 COFFEE EXPORTS: DATA IN VOLUME ........................................................................... 19
6.1 Roasted coffee exports ........................................................................................................................... 20
6.2 Soluble coffee exports ............................................................................................................................ 22
7. EU 27 COFEE TRADE: IMPORTS AND EXPORTS IN VALUE ................................................ 24
8. COFFEE CONSUMPTION BY COUNTRY IN THE EU27 .......................................................... 25
9. EU27 COUNTRIES KEY NATIONAL IMPORT DATA ................................................................ 31
10. EU MARKET IN PERSPECTIVE ...................................................................................................... 39
11. EU VAT AND EXCISE DUTIES ....................................................................................................... 42
European Coffee Report 2022/2023 4
1. INTRODUCTION
This is the fortieth issue of the ‘European Coffee Report’. The European Coffee Federation (ECF)
continues the series with the report over 2018/2019. The Covid pandemic deterred ECF from publishing
this report given ECF’s focus on more pressing matters and the difficulties associated to the collection,
compilation, and analysis of the relevant data. This 2022/2023 edition presents a detailed analysis of the
European coffee market relying on official data (Eurostat), data collected by ECF, and market intelligence
provided by Euromonitor International, which we trust continues to be an important and welcome
addition.
The European Coffee Report is available in electronic format only and can be downloaded from ECF’s
website: www.ecf-coffee.org.
Disclaimer: this report is for information purposes only. No rights or obligations can be derived
from its contents.
This report was finalised in April 2023
EUROPEAN COFFEE FEDERATION
EUROPEAN COFFEE FEDERATION (ECF)
AVENUE DES NERVIENS 9-31, FIFTH FLOOR
1040 BRUSSELS
BELGIUM
[E] EGORDON@ECF-COFFEE.ORG
[W] WWW.ECF-COFFEE.ORG
European Coffee Report 2022/2023 5
European Coffee Report 2022/2023 6
2. CONVENTIONS, NOTATIONS AND DEFINITIONS
Coffee units:
In these reports we will mostly use metric data (tonnes and kilograms) since the use of bags as reference
has been phased out. Some tables include data in bags in addition to metric data:
• Bags are bags of 60 kilograms.
• Tonnes are metric tonnes (1,000 kilograms).
Conversion factors:
The recalculation of roasted and soluble coffee uses the conversion factors applied by the International
Coffee Organization (ICO) as described in its ‘Rules’ (Rules on Statistics / Certificates of Origin. Revised
version approved by the International Coffee Council at its 134
th
Session on 7 October 2022). Available
online at: https://www.icocoffee.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/icc-102-9-r5e-rules-certificates-origin-
final.pdf
• from roasted coffee to green coffee: multiply the net weight of roasted coffee by 1.19.
• from soluble to green coffee: multiply by the net weight of soluble coffee 2.60.
• from green decaffeinated to green coffee: multiply the net weight of green decaffeinated coffee by
1.05.
• from roasted decaffeinated to green coffee: multiply the net weight of roasted decaffeinated coffee
by 1.25.
• from soluble decaffeinated to green coffee: multiply the net weight of the soluble decaffeinated coffee
by 2.73.
Green coffee equivalent is the aggregated volume of green, green decaffeinated, roasted, and soluble
coffee recalculated to green coffee after applying the above conversion factors.
Notations:
In the notation of figures, the convention of written English:
• the thousands separator is the comma (,)
• the decimal separator is the dot (.)
For large numbers the so-called ‘short scale’ is used: 10
6
= one million, 10
9
= one billion, 10
12
= one
trillion.
‘yoy’ refers to ‘year-on-year’. It is calculated using current values and previous year's values and it is
expressed in percentage terms.
Currencies:
Abbreviations of currencies are those used for international banking purposes, based on ISO standards.
European Coffee Report 2022/2023 7
Data:
When analysing data, the term ‘analysis period’ refers to the period 2020 to 2022.
Eurostat, ICO or World Bank (WITS) trade figures may differ from those available from national
sources.
Distribution of green coffee imports by type of coffee:
The distribution of green coffee imports by type of coffee is based on the following grouping of coffee
producing countries according to the criteria applied by the International Coffee Organization (ICO):
Arabicas
Robustas
Colombian Milds
Other Milds
Colombia
Bolivia
Angola
Kenya
Burundi
Benin
Tanzania
Costa Rica
Cameroon
Cuba
Central African Rep.
Dominican Republic
Congo
Ecuador
Congo Democratic Rep.
El Salvador
Cote d’Ivoire
Guatemala
Equatorial Guinea
Haiti
Gabon
Honduras
Ghana
India
Guinea
Jamaica
Indonesia
Malawi
Liberia
Mexico
Madagascar
Nicaragua
Nigeria
Panama
Philippines
Papua New Guinea
Sierra Leone
Peru
Sri Lanka
Rwanda
Thailand
Timor-Leste
Togo
Venezuela
Trinidad and Tobago
Zambia
Uganda
Zimbabwe
Vietnam
European Coffee Report 2022/2023 8
3. GREEN COFFEE PRICES AND STOCKS
Source: ICO
According to ICO document ICC-105-17 Annex 1, the calculation of the ICO Composite indicator price
is weighted as follows:
Colombian Milds: 12%
Other Milds: 23%
Brazilian Naturals: 31%
Robustas: 34%
From May 2021, the ICO has moved to a new system of collection of prices. For further details, please
see https://www.ico.org/documents/cy2020-21/sc-106e-rules-indicator-prices.pdf
European Coffee Report 2022/2023 9
Source: ECF
Source: ECF
Note: The ports covered are: Antwerp, Hamburg, Le Havre, Barcelona, Trieste, Genoa, Napoli, Tallin, London, Felixstowe, and
Bremen (partly). The stocks have been broken down in three categories: Robusta, Natural Arabica (includes Brazil semi-washed)
and Washed Arabica. Stocks include ICE certified stocks as well as non-exchange stocks. The data are supplied by warehousing
and port organisations in the listed port areas and have been compiled by ECF.
European Coffee Report 2022/2023 10
4. EU27 GREEN COFFEE IMPORTS: VOLUME, ORIGINS AND TYPE OF COFFEE
The terms ‘Western Europe’ and ‘Central and Eastern Europe’ do not follow a strict definition. Many
Central and Eastern European countries are now members of the EU while the UK is no longer a member.
In this report, the ‘Western Europe’ region includes all EU27 countries plus the United Kingdom,
Switzerland, Norway, and Iceland. The ‘Central and Eastern Europe’ region currently includes Albania,
Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Georgia, North Macedonia, Moldova, Montenegro, the Russian
Federation, Serbia, and Ukraine.
Imports of GREEN COFFEE into Europe
Data by importing country 2020 – 2022 (in tonnes and in 60 kg bags)
COUNTRY
2020
2021
2022
in tonnes
in bags
in tonnes
in bags
in tonnes
in bags
AUSTRIA
5,764.2
96,070
5,807.2
96,797
6,558.0
109,300
BELGIUM
306,688.8
5,111,480
336,620.4
5,610,340
378,162.4
6,302,707
BULGARIA
24,151.1
402,518
23,390.6
389,843
20,915.4
348,590
CROATIA
716.0
11,933
292.9
4,882
160.5
2,675
CYPRUS
2,037.8
33,963
1,099.4
18,323
1,073.2
17,887
CZECHIA
3,264.3
54,405
2,520.1
42,002
2,083.6
34,727
DENMARK
11,577.7
192,962
12,037.7
200,628
11,942.2
199,037
ESTONIA
59.5
992
60.9
1,015
100.1
1,668
FINLAND
58,054.1
967,568
51,391.6
856,527
50,753.6
845,893
FRANCE
157,845.6
2,630,760
158,397.2
2,639,953
146,004.6
2,433,410
GERMANY
1,084,930.8
18,082,180
1,074,070.3
17,901,172
1,083,613.2
18,060,220
GREECE
33,012.2
550,203
33,719.3
561,988
33,512.5
558,542
HUNGARY
1,234.4
20,573
264.6
4,410
183.9
3,065
IRELAND
7,670.1
127,835
5,405.3
90,088
7,424.5
123,742
ITALY
553,213.6
9,220,227
596,610.7
9,943,512
650,100.1
10,835,002
LATVIA
1,635.2
27,253
1,337.3
22,288
1,109.8
18,497
LITHUANIA
1,718.2
28,637
801.2
13,353
1,303.1
21,718
LUXEMBOURG
133.0
2,217
74.4
1,240
55.9
932
MALTA
138.6
2,310
39.2
653
1.4
23
NETHERLANDS
63,116.8
1,051,947
62,003.4
1,033,390
107,836.8
1,797,280
POLAND
34,358.2
572,637
31,981.2
533,020
24,854.1
414,235
PORTUGAL
38,675.5
644,592
36,068.5
601,142
39,499.1
658,318
ROMANIA
13,026.6
217,110
11,774.4
196,240
11,542.6
192,077
SLOVAKIA
131.0
2,183
163.1
2,718
203.2
3,387
SLOVENIA
26,246.6
437,443
26,661.5
444,358
26,336.6
438,943
SPAIN
257,522.6
4,292,043
225,574.5
3,759,575
256,503.2
4,275,053
SWEDEN
95,402.4
1,590,040
86,206.7
1,436,778
85,877.6
1,431,293
EU27 TOTAL
2,782,324.9
46,372,082
2,784,374.2
46,406,237
2,947,693.2
49,128,220
UNITED KINGDOM
155,811.0
2,596,850
148,138.0
2,468,965
176,618.1
2,943,635
SWITZERLAND
180,848.3
3,014,138
192,401.0
3,206,683
199,316.3
3,321,938
NORWAY
36,386.0
606,434
32,756.5
545,942
31,019.1
516,985
ICELAND
1,025.2
17,087
911.4
15,191
846.3
14,105
WESTERN
EUROPE TOTAL
3,156,012.4
52,600,208
3,158,581.1
52,643,018
3,156,176.7
55,924,883
European Coffee Report 2022/2023 11
(cont.)
Imports of GREEN COFFEE into Europe
Data by importing country 2020 – 2022 (in tonnes and in 60 kg bags)
COUNTRY
2020
2021
2022
in tonnes
in bags
in tonnes
in bags
in tonnes
in bags
ALBANIA*
5,320.1
88,668
5,900.0
98,333
n.a.
n.a.
BELARUS
2,326.6
38,777
2,311.8
38,530
n.a.
n.a.
BOSNIA AND
HERZEGOVINA
20,016.5
333,608
20,664.9
344,415
n.a.
n.a.
GEORGIA
5,210.3
86,838
5,134.9
85,582
n.a.
n.a.
NORTH MACEDONIA
5,741.0
95,683
5,157.0
85,950
n.a.
n.a.
MOLDOVA
52.0
867
74.0
1,233
n.a.
n.a.
MONTENEGRO
2,130.4
35,507
2,310.4
38,507
n.a.
n.a.
RUSSIAN
FEDERATION
198,269.0
3,304,483
205,269.0
3,421,150
n.a.
n.a.
SERBIA
29,800.0
496,667
29,851.3
497,522
n.a.
n.a.
UKRAINE
24,478.2
407,970
27,192.2
453,203
n.a.
n.a.
CENTRAL AND
EASTERN EUROPE
293,344.1
4,889,068
303,865.5
5,064,425
n.a.
n.a.
EUROPE
TOTAL
3,449,356.5
57,489,276
3,462,446.6
57,707,443
n.a.
n.a.
Source: Eurostat (European Union’s countries); Statistics Iceland/Hagstofa (Iceland); Statistics Norway/Statbank (Norway); Swiss
Federal Customs Administration/Swiss-Impex (Switzerland); HMRC (United Kingdom); and World Bank WITS (other European
countries)
*Data for Albania (2021) have been modelled.
Note: Figures show imports of green coffee, not decaffeinated (HS 090111). Totals may differ from the sum of the items due to
rounding.
In 2022 those countries included in the ‘Western Europe’ region imported on aggregate 3.13 million
tonnes of green coffee, a -0.8% variation compared to 2021. Western Europe’s green coffee imports
have remained very stable during the analysis period (2020-2022).
EU27 countries absorb 94.1% of total green coffee imports into Western Europe with 2.95 million
tonnes in 2022 (+5.9% yoy). However, the recovery of EU27’s green coffee imports has not yet
compensated the effects of the Covid pandemic. It has to be noted that EU27’s green coffee imports
(excluding UK imports in the calculation) in 2016 reached 3.21 million tonnes, while in 2017 the figure
was 3.08 million tonnes decreasing to 2.81 million tonnes in 2018. Current imports are therefore still
roughly 8% below the 2016 peak level.
The figures for Central and Eastern Europe are only available for 2020 and 2021. Countries in Central
and Eastern Europe increased their imports of green coffee in 2021 to 0.3 million tonnes (+3.6%) with
the Russian Federation being responsible for most of this growth (7,000 tonnes, roughly 70% of the total
increase).
The figures for Europe as a whole are only available for 2020 and 2021. European imports of green
coffee reached 3.46 million tonnes in 2021 (+0.4%), again very stable but far from the pre-
pandemic peak level reached in 2016 and 2017 with 4.1 and 3.9 million tonnes, respectively.
European Coffee Report 2022/2023 12
EU 27 Largest Absolute Variations in GREEN COFFEE Imports
(in tonnes, 2022 vs. 2020)
TOP 5
TONNES
BOTTOM 5
TONNES
ITALY
96,887
FRANCE
-11,841
BELGIUM
71,474
SWEDEN
-9,525
THE NETHERLANDS
44,720
POLAND
-9,504
PORTUGAL
824
FINLAND
-7,301
AUSTRIA
794
BULGARIA
-3,236
Source: Eurostat
During the analysis period (2020-2022), green coffee imports seem to be concentrating even further in
the traditional major importing countries. Germany remains the largest importer with 36.8% of EU’s
green coffee imports coming through its ports in 2022 (+0.9% yoy) with Italy posting the largest growth
adding 96,887 tonnes (2020-2022) to reach 650,100 tonnes (22.1% of EU imports). Coffee traffic through
Belgian ports also increased rapidly (+71,474 tonnes in the analysis period) and Belgium now imports
12.8% of total green coffee into the EU. Spain is the fourth largest importer with 256,503 tonnes in 2022
(8.7% of total green coffee EU imports). These four countries (Germany, Italy, Belgium, and Spain)
channel on aggregate more than 80 % of total EU imports of green coffee. Therefore, green coffee
imports tend to concentrate on traditionally large importers or those countries where the busiest ports
in Europe are located.
After leaving the EU in 2020, imports of green coffee to the United Kingdom diminished during 2021
(-4.9% yoy), returning to “normal” levels in 2022 with 176,618 tonnes (+19.2% yoy). Although still
far from its peak level of imports (189,590 tonnes in 2018). During the analysis period, green coffee
imports to the UK increased by roughly 21,000 tonnes. Only 5.7% of green coffee imported in 2022 by
the United Kingdom came from EU27 countries.
Outside the EU27 area, Switzerland remains a key importer of green coffee in Europe with close
to 200,000 tonnes in 2022, adding more than 18,000 tonnes during the analysis period (+10.2%). The
Russian Federation is the other relevant non-EU market in terms of imports volume (over 205,000 tonnes
in 2021) and growth during the analysis period (+7,000 tonnes or +3.5%).
Shipping after the pandemic has been transformed and the need for efficiency gains gave large
ports in Europe an advantage over cost, distance to market or other criteria. This fact could explain
the reduction in direct imports of green coffee to countries such as Sweden (-10.0% during the analysis
period), Poland (-27.7%), Finland (-12.6%) or Bulgaria (-13.4%). Coffee consumption in these countries
has not decreased with these figures just representing imports being funnelled towards the largest
European ports mainly located in Germany, Italy, Belgium, and The Netherlands. The same hypothesis
would explain France’s case (-7.5% during the analysis period) with Antwerp or Rotterdam boosting their
role as green coffee entry points to France and the EU as a whole. Other landlocked countries such as
Hungary or Czechia have substantially reduced their green coffee imports during the analysis period: -
85.1% and -36.2%, respectively. Green coffee imports by some smaller EU members have virtually
disappeared: Malta (1,4 tonnes), Luxembourg (55.9 tonnes) and Croatia (160,5 tonnes).
European Coffee Report 2022/2023 13
4.1. Origins of green coffee imported into the EU27 area
The table below lists the ‘top 20’ countries of origin for green coffee imported into the EU27 area as a
whole (excluding intra-EU trade) during the analysis period (2020-2022). Countries are ranked according
to 2022 volumes:
COUNTRY
2020
2021
2022
IN TONNES
% OF TOTAL
IN TONNES
% OF TOTAL
IN TONNES
% OF TOTAL
BRAZIL
932,311
33.7%
1,033,105
37.1%
1,041,696
35.3%
VIET NAM
632,449
22.8%
533,059
19.1%
648,005
22.8%
UGANDA
165,860
6.0%
212,289
7.6%
214,649
7.3%
HONDURAS
216,405
7.8%
191,085
6.9%
158,430
5.4%
INDIA
108,194
3.9%
122,506
4.4%
151,471
5.1%
PERU
96,358
3.5%
84,618
3.0%
130,285
4.4%
COLOMBIA
153,632
5.6%
142,211
5.1%
124,278
4.2%
INDONESIA
77,376
2.8%
85,941
3.1%
102,152
3.5%
ETHIOPIA
77,427
2.8%
83,113
3.0%
92,474
3.1%
NICARAGUA
42,695
1.5%
41,924
1.5%
38,170
1.3%
TANZANIA
30,628
1.1%
40,182
1.4%
35,496
1.2%
GUATEMALA
27,851
1.0%
33,079
1.2%
31,442
1.1%
MEXICO
30,172
1.1%
27,776
1.0%
25,533
0.9%
PAPUA NEW GUINEA
17,102
0.6%
19,912
0.7%
21,725
0.7%
CHINA
19,954
0.7%
14,808
0.5%
21,106
0.7%
KENYA
21,311
0.8%
15,951
0.6%
20,056
0.7%
CÔTE D'IVOIRE
25,910
0.9%
13,195
0.5%
13,163
0.4%
CAMEROON
15,808
0.6%
15,286
0.5%
9,734
0.3%
COSTA RICA
11,234
0.4%
13,276
0.5%
9,373
0.3%
EL SALVADOR
6,733
0.2%
6,949
0.3%
8,802
0.3%
OTHERS
58,473
2.2%
54,111
1.9%
49,654
1.7%
EU27 TOTAL
(excl. intra-EU)
2,767,880
100.0%
2,784,374
100.0%
2,947,693
100.0%
Source: Eurostat
Brazil remains the largest supplier of green coffee to EU27 countries with its market share now
well consolidated over one third of total EU27 imports (35.3% in 2022). Brazil supplied 1,041,696
tonnes of green coffee in 2022 after adding 109,385 tonnes during the period of analysis 2020-2022
(+11.7% on aggregate).
Viet Nam supplied another 648,005 tonnes of green coffee to the EU27 area or 22.8% of its total
imports. However, Viet Nam’s figures are far from its peak export levels reached in 2018 with more than
758,000 tonnes acquired by EU27 countries and a market share above 25% in the region. In any case,
Brazil and Viet Nam have consistently ranked as the top-two suppliers to EU27 countries during
the last decade, typically supply over 55% of the total green coffee imported by this economic area
(58.1% in 2022).
European Coffee Report 2022/2023 14
Each of the other green coffee origins supplying the EU hold a market share below 10%, with Uganda
and Honduras regularly swapping places – third and fourth – depending mostly on harvesting conditions.
However, Uganda seems to have consolidated its exports at a substantially higher level during the
analysis period. Uganda exported 214,649 tonnes of green coffee to EU27 countries after increasing by
29.4% during the analysis period (+48,789 tonnes), becoming the “coffee powerhouse” of Africa.
Uganda alone supplies more coffee to the EU27 than the rest of Africa combined. Although origins
in East Africa such as Ethiopia (+15,000 tonnes) or Tanzania (+5,000 tonnes) showed a positive trend,
traditional West African producers saw their exports to EU27 countries decline during the analysis
period: Côte d’Ivoire (-12,000 tonnes) and Cameroon (-6,000 tonnes).
Honduras remains the fourth largest green coffee supplier to EU27 countries, although exported
volumes are in sharp decline, and so is this origin’s share of the EU27 market, falling from its 2020
peak at 7.8% to 5.4% in 2022. Figures in tonnes are more explicit and green coffee exports from
Honduras plummeted by close to 27% during the analysis period or 68,000 tonnes less coming into
the EU27 market from the Centro American country.
Source: Eurostat
Among the American green coffee origins, the trends in Colombia and Peru could be analysed in tandem
since their green coffee exports to EU27 countries are almost perfect opposites. Colombia used to rank
as the fourth largest supplier (193,600 tonnes in 2016, 6.5% market share) and ranks now in 2022 as
the 7th supplier to the EU27 market with 124,278 tonnes and a 4.2% market share. During the analysis
period, Colombia’s exports decrease by close to 30,000 tonnes (-19.1%) while Peru’s increased by
approximately 34,000 tonnes (+35.2%), turning the Andean country in the 6th largest supplier to
EU27 countries. In the Americas, Nicaragua remains a large green coffee exporter to the EU27 trade
bloc supplying around 40,000 tonnes per year. It has to be noted that Nicaragua only supplied 23,000
tonnes in 2016 and has stabilised its exports around the ‘40,000 mark’ during the last five years.
While the picture in Africa and the Americas is mixed, the trend in Asia leaves no room for
speculation: growth everywhere. Apart from the champion of the region, Viet Nam, green coffee
exports from India steadily recovered after the pandemic to reach 151,471 tonnes in 2022 with a 5.1%
share of the EU27 market. This figure is very close to the 2018 peak level and makes of India the 5th
European Coffee Report 2022/2023 15
largest supplier to EU27 countries after adding more than 43,000 in exports in 2022 compared to 2020.
Indonesia supplied 102,152 tonnes of green coffee to the EU27 trade bloc in 2022 (+25,000 tonnes or
+32% during the analysis period), while Papua New Guinea joined the Asian wave although at a more
modest level (+5,600 tonnes or +27% during the analysis period). China adds another 21,000 tonnes to
Asian exports of green coffee to EU27 countries. However, both China and Indonesia’s exports are far
below their pre-pandemic levels (approximately 50% and 30%, respectively) and this fact could be
explained by the relevance of their domestic and regional markets.
Source: Eurostat, ECF
Although data from Eurostat are perfectly reliable, real imports by origin or type of coffee are practically
impossible to determine with any accuracy. Intra-EU trade represents a relevant share of traded green
coffee in the EU. For the case of intra-EU trade, Eurostat’s country statistics do not reveal the country of
production of green coffee. After arriving at major coffee ports in the EU, the origin of green coffee may
be recorded thereafter as ‘Germany’ when it reaches the Port of Hamburg, or ‘Belgium’ when offloaded
at the Port of Antwerp. The share of intra-EU trade is quite high with Germany and Belgium ranking as
two of the top origin of green coffee imports to the EU. Therefore, analysis of green coffee imports into
the EU27 trade bloc based on Eurostat data is meant to indicate trends rather than fully accurate figures.
Chapter 9 includes intra-EU trade data allowing to further analyse the relevance of intra-EU traded coffee
by country.
European Coffee Report 2022/2023 16
4.2. Type of green coffee imported into the EU27 area
The overall ratio of Arabica-to-Robusta green coffee imports seems to remain stable throughout the
years at slightly below two-thirds to one-third: 60.9% of Arabica coffee compared to 35.2% of Robusta
coffee was imported by EU27 countries in 2022.
EU27 Imports per Type of GREEN COFFEE
% of total green coffee imports (volume, tonnes)
2021
2022
Arabicas
61.7%
60.9%
Brazilian Naturals
37.1%
35.3%
Colombian Milds
7.1%
6.1%
Other Milds
17.5%
19.5%
Robustas
32.8%
35.2%
Others
5.5%
3.9%
TOTAL
100.0%
100.0%
Source: Eurostat (intra-EU trade excluded). Totals may differ from the sum of the items due to rounding.
Within the ‘Arabicas’, the share of ‘Brazilian Naturals’ fell slightly being compensated by the increase in
‘Other Milds’ imported from origins such as Honduras, India, and Peru. ‘Colombian Milds’ also decreased
following the trend set by green coffee imports from Colombia, its main origin. Imports of Robusta coffee
are driven by growing imports from Uganda, Viet Nam, and Indonesia.
European Coffee Report 2022/2023 17
5. EU27 IMPORTS: GREEN DECAFEINATED COFFEE, ROASTED COFFEE,
ROASTED DECAFFEINATED COFFEE AND SOLUBLE COFFEE
Source: Eurostat
Green coffee imports represent more than 95% of the total volume of coffee and coffee-related
products imported into the EU27 area. In spite of this, the analysis of other coffee products is also
relevant in order to better understand the European coffee market. Although roasted and soluble coffee
trade is modest in volume it is much more relevant in terms of value and market position.
Green decaffeinated coffee imports have substantially increased during the last decade. They
jumped by 54.7% in 2021 to 18,076 tonnes, probably compensating the low volume in 2020. EU27
countries imported 15,923 tonnes of green decaffeinated coffee in 2022 (-11.9% yoy), a lower figure but
still approximately 50% higher than in 2015.
Source: Eurostat
Imports of roasted coffee into the EU27 trade bloc have also followed an upward trend during the
last decade, peaking in 2020 when they reached approximately 91,000 tonnes. In 2021 and 2022 this
trend has been reversed with an accumulated reduction during the analysis period of 12.1% to 79,961
tonnes. Roasted coffee imports follow a 95:5 ration patterns for regular and decaf coffee.
EU27 Imports and Exports of
GREEN COFFEE and (SEMI)FINISHED COFFEE PRODUCTS
From non-EU origins/To non-EU destinations
(In tonnes, 2020-2022)
2020
2021
2022
Imports
Exports
Imports
Exports
Imports
Exports
Green coffee
(09011100)
2,782,324.8
50,101.2
2,784,374.3
59,346.0
2,947,693.1
64,962.9
Green coffee, decaffeinated
(09011200)
11,685.0
84,404.2
18,076.1
82,396.9
15,923.3
73,946.6
Roasted coffee
(09012100)
85,888.3
197,372.4
82,914.5
206,658.5
75,802.0
211,547.8
Roasted coffee, decaffeinated
(09012200)
5,120.1
4,090.1
4,669.2
4,414.0
4,158.7
5,235.5
Coffee extracts
(21011100)
63,576.9
75,620.7
55,392.7
76,796.1
58,224.6
76,344.8
EU27 Imports of ROASTED COFFEE (INCL. DECAF) 2020-2022
From non-EU Origins
HS09012100 and HS09012200, in tonnes
COUNTRY
2020
2021
2022
SWITZERLAND
60,712.4
60,976.6
60,387.8
UNITED KINGDOM
22,182.9
17,749.5
12,383.5
KENYA
832.6
1,069.1
1,291.0
BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA
1,149.6
1,201.7
1,109.4
SERBIA
880.6
809.6
825.0
SYRIAN ARAB REPUBLIC
1,017.4
1,030.9
527.8
NORWAY
707.6
586.1
477.3
TÜRKIYE
610.7
609.8
438.1
European Coffee Report 2022/2023 18
Imports of roasted coffee in the EU27 area were traditionally the result of trade with one large commercial
partner and a very junior partner: Switzerland and the United States, respectively. Switzerland remains
the largest supplier of roasted coffee to EU27 countries with 60,387.9 tonnes in 2022 or 75% of
EU27’s total imports of roasted coffee. Imports from Switzerland have remained stable throughout the
analysis period (60,000 tonnes) and similar figures were registered in 2016 or 2017. The United States,
however, is no longer a relevant supplier of roasted coffee to the EU27 area. US roasted coffee
exports were already rapidly declining before the pandemic and have now simply become irrelevant.
Instead, Brexit has made of the United Kingdom the second largest supplier of roasted coffee to
the EU27 area with 12,383 tonnes in 2022. This figure is in any case substantially lower than in 2020
when it supplied 22,183 tonnes, an accumulated reduction during the analysis period of 44%. Brazil is
another supplier that has disappeared from the map, while the traditional niche suppliers (Bosnia and
Herzegovina, Serbia, and Syria) still furnish between 500 and 1,200 tonnes per year. Kenya has
emerged as the third supplier of roasted coffee to the EU27 area with 1,291 tonnes in 2022, still a
modest figure but growing rapidly at an accumulated 55% during the analysis period.
Soluble coffee imports were following a downward trend before the pandemic (47,584 tonnes in
2018), but changes in consumer behaviour drove coffee consumption at-home to record levels.
Soluble coffee benefited from this trend and imports of soluble coffee rocketed to 63,577 tonnes in 2020.
Imports of soluble coffee to the EU27 area in 2020 were also somewhat distorted by the effects of
Brexit, since the United Kingdom instantly became the bloc’s largest supplier with more than 22,000
tonnes. After returning to closer to average levels in 2021, imports of soluble coffee picked up again in
2022 to 58,225 tonnes (+5.1% yoy). Brazil and India have traditionally been the EU27 area’s largest
suppliers of soluble coffee. As explained the United Kingdom is the top exporter of soluble coffee to the
bloc with a 20.3% market share in 2022 (down from 34.8% in 2020). India has surpassed Brazil and is
now the second largest supplier to the EU27 trade bloc with 9,241 tonnes in 2022 (+20.4% yoy).
Brazil’s exports have followed the opposite route, consistently shrinking yar after year to 7,785 tonnes
in 2022 (-12.1% on aggregate during the analysis period). In 2016 Brazil’s market share of EU27’s soluble
coffee imports reached 23.5% while it stands today at only 13.4%.
EU27 Imports of SOLUBLE COFFEE
From non-EU Origins
(HS 21011100) 2020-2022, in tonnes and as a % of total imports
2020
2021
2022
Tonnes
%
Tonnes
%
Tonnes
%
UNITED KINGDOM
22,138.0
34.8%
10,401.0
18.8%
11,827.4
20.3%
INDIA
8,119.0
12.8%
7,673.0
13.9%
9,241.2
15.9%
BRAZIL
8,853.0
13.9%
8,535.0
15.4%
7,784.6
13.4%
VIET NAM
7,670.0
12.1%
7,885.0
14.2%
7,469.8
12.8%
SWITZERLAND
3,668.0
5.8%
5,727.0
10.3%
6,112.2
10.5%
ECUADOR
3,729.0
5.9%
4,200.0
7.6%
5,518.1
9.5%
OTHERS
9,399.9
14.8%
10,971.7
19.8%
10,283.4
17.7%
TOTAL
63,576.9
100.0%
55,392.7
100.0%
58,224.6
100.0%
Source: Eurostat
European Coffee Report 2022/2023 19
6. EU27 COFFEE EXPORTS: DATA IN VOLUME
The EU27 trade bloc is not only a major importer of green coffee, but also a significant exporter
of green coffee and coffee-based finished products, specially roasted coffee. EU27’s imports of
green decaffeinated coffee and regular roasted coffee are modest compared to exports of those same
products, while the imports and the exports of decaffeinated roasted coffee and coffee extracts (soluble
coffee) are within the same order of magnitude.
The trade balance for green decaffeinated coffee clearly favours the EU27 area with exports
topping imports by approximately 58,000 tonnes in 2022, although this figure has been shrinking during
the analysis period.
Roasted coffee’s trade balance is even more favourable to the EU27 trade bloc in terms of volume,
and it must be noted that its impact is even larger if considered in terms of value. EU27 countries
exported close to 217,000 tonnes of roasted coffee in 2022, exceeding imports by approximately
137,000 tonnes. This superavit has consistently increased during the past decade with a 25% increase
on aggregate during the period of analysis (2020-2022).
EU27 Exports of GREEN COFFEE and (SEMI)FINISHED COFFEE PRODUCTS
To non-EU destinations
in tonnes, 2020-2022
2020
2021
2022
Green coffee (09011100)
50,101.2
59,346.0
64,962.9
Green coffee, decaffeinated (09011200)
84,404.2
82,396.9
73,946.6
Roasted coffee (09012100)
197,372.4
206,658.5
211,547.8
Roasted coffee (decaf) (09012200)
4,090.1
4,414.0
5,235.5
Coffee extracts (21011100)
75,620.7
76,796.1
76,344.8
Source: Eurostat
Re-exports of green coffee from EU27 countries increased by 9.5% to 64,963 tonnes in 2022, with the
EU27 trade bloc consolidating a strong position as re-exporter of green coffee. Exports of green coffee
from EU countries has climbed by more than 50% since 2016.
Exports of green decaffeinated coffee continued to slide down to 73,947 tonnes in 2022 (-10.3% yoy).
After a decade of decline, green decaffeinated exports have been substantially reduced falling by more
than 25% on aggregate since 2016.
Exports of roasted coffee in 2022 kept to the pace of growth followed during the last decade. EU27
countries exported 216,783 tonnes of roasted coffee (+2.7% yoy). During the analysis period, the EU27
area has added more than 16,000 tonnes in additional exports of roasted coffee, a figure that climbs up
to a staggering 95,000 tonnes if we compare with 2016 exports.
Soluble coffee exports inched down to 76,345 tonnes (-0.6% yoy) but remain significantly above pre-
pandemic levels. As explained above, trade in soluble coffee expanded during the pandemic and has
consolidated at higher levels during the analysis period.
European Coffee Report 2022/2023 20
6.1 Roasted coffee exports
Looking in some more detail at EU exports of roasted coffee during the analysis period, it is worth
analysing which countries are the major customers for EU roasted coffee (regular and decaffeinated).
Those export markets are listed below and classified according to their ranking in 2022.
Source: Eurostat
Two key events altered exporting trends for EU’s roasted coffee during the analysis period: Brexit
and the invasion of Ukraine.
Brexit has turned the United Kingdom in EU27 countries’ first customer for roasted coffee, Exports in
2020 reached 48,512 tonnes, probably as a consequence of a conservative stocks build-up approach
by British operators. Exports to the UK decreased to 38,056 tonnes in 2021 and stabilised at slightly
below 40,000 tonnes in 2022. Still, the United Kingdom is set to remain EU27’s largest export market
with a market share of 18.2% in 2022.
The Russian Federation has traditionally been EU27 countries’ largest customer for roasted coffee.
Exports to the Russian Federation consistently increased during the last decade and peaked in 2021 at
30,128 tonnes. However, the invasion of Ukraine has instantly reversed this trend and deliveries of
roasted coffee to Russia sunk by 14.6% in 2022 to 25,737 tonnes. That means a reduction of 4,391
tonnes of roasted coffee exported from the EU27 trade bloc. Still, the Russian Federation represents
11.9% of EU exports of roasted coffee. In the meantime, EU27’s exports to Belarus have increased in
2022 by 5,017 tonnes (+140.3%) to a whopping 8,592 tonnes. Belarus is now the 7
th
largest customer
for the EU27 area.
EU27 Exports of ROASTED COFFEE (incl. DECAFFENAITED ROASTED COFFEE)
To non-EU destinations
in tonnes and as a % of total exports, 2020-2022
COUNTRY
2020
2021
2022
United Kingdom
48,512.1
24.1%
38,055.9
18.0%
39,386.4
18.2%
Russian Federation
26,897.5
13.4%
30,128.0
14.3%
25,737.3
11.9%
Ukraine
23,570.1
11.7%
24,387.0
11.6%
21,649.0
10.0%
United States
17,100.8
8.5%
19,921.9
9.4%
18,488.7
8.5%
Switzerland
12,273.5
6.1%
12,396.8
5.9%
12,042.4
5.6%
Türkiye
4,765.8
2.4%
7,317.4
3.5%
9,875.4
4.6%
Belarus
3,496.3
1.7%
3,574.8
1.7%
8,591.7
4.0%
Canada
6,973.8
3.5%
6,489.3
3.1%
6,767.8
3.1%
Australia
7,656.4
3.8%
6,339.9
3.0%
6,432.1
3.0%
Norway
6,224.2
3.1%
6,347.8
3.0%
6,272.7
2.9%
United Arab Emirates
2,779.4
1.4%
4,014.0
1.9%
5,237.3
2.4%
South Korea
4,313.9
2.1%
4,501.6
2.1%
4,543.3
2.1%
China
3,408.7
1.7%
3,978.9
1.9%
4,512.6
2.1%
Israel
3,308.3
1.6%
4,321.8
2.0%
4,236.3
2.0%
Serbia
2,272.4
1.1%
2,987.3
1.4%
3,705.1
1.7%
Saudi Arabia
2,278.8
1.1%
3,417.1
1.6%
3,686.7
1.7%
Albania
2,217.8
1.1%
2,767.1
1.3%
2,817.2
1.3%
Morocco
2,570.1
1.3%
3,193.1
1.5%
2,756.0
1.3%
Libya
1,300.4
0.6%
2,213.9
1.0%
2,586.5
1.2%
Others
20,912.1
10.4%
27,328.6
12.9%
29,678.1
13.7%
TOTAL
201,462.5
100.0%
211,072.5
100.0%
216,783.3
100.0%
European Coffee Report 2022/2023 21
Ukraine remains as the third largest export market for roasted coffee originating in the EU27 area.
Exports to Ukraine almost doubled during the 2016-2021 period (+82% on aggregate) peaking at 24,387
tonnes in 2021. Exports to Ukraine declined in 2022 to 21,649 tonnes (-11.2%) as a consequence of the
Russian invasion, but still absorbs 10% of total EU exports of roasted coffee.
The United States is the fourth largest export market for EU27’s coffee roasters. Deliveries to the US
have been on the increase for the last decade, peaking at 19,922 tonnes in 2021. Exports to the US
dropped by 7.2% in 2022 to 18,488 tonnes representing an 8.5% market share of EU27’s exports.
Switzerland is also a traditional customer for EU27’s roasters representing a very stable export market
with yearly sales of between ten and twelve thousand tonnes (12,042 tonnes in 2022, -2.9% yoy).
Source: Eurostat
Among the new markets for EU27’s coffee roasters, Türkiye is rapidly becoming a key export
market adding 5,110 tonnes during the analysis period. Exports to Türkiye reached 9,875 tonnes in
2022 (+35% yoy) with a 4.6% market share. Exports to Türkiye have more than doubled during the last
five years. In the Middle East, the United Arab Emirates (+2,458 tonnes) and Saudi Arabia (+1,408
tonnes) are also rapidly climbing in the ranking of key exports market for European coffee roasters, while
Serbia (+1,433 tonnes) has more than doubled its roasted coffee imports from EU27 countries since
2016.
Considering other relevant markets for the EU27 area, Canada (6,768 tonnes in 2022), Norway (6,768
tonnes) or South Korea (4,543 tonnes) remain large customers for EU27’s coffee roaster with a stable
market profile, while exports to Australia (EU27 area 9th largest market) are in sharp decline (-16.0%
during the analysis period).
EU27 ROASTED COFFEE Exports – Largest Variations (%)
As a percentage of total volume in tonnes, 2020-2022
TOP 5
%
BOTTOM 5
%
Belarus
+145.7%
United Kingdom
-18.8%
Türkiye
+107.2%
Australia
-16.0%
Libya
+98.9%
Ukraine
-8.2%
United Arab Emirates
+88.4%
Russian Federation
-4.3%
Serbia
+63.0%
Switzerland
-1.9%
Source: Eurostat
EU27 ROASTED COFFEE Exports – Largest Absolute Variations
Total volume in tonnes, 2020-2022
TOP 5
Tonnes
BOTTOM 5
Tonnes
Türkiye
5,110
United Kingdom
-9,126
Belarus
5,095
Ukraine
-1,921
United Arab Emirates
2,458
Australia
-1,224
Serbia
1,433
Russian Federation
-1,160
Saudi Arabia
1,408
Switzerland
-231
European Coffee Report 2022/2023 22
6.2 Soluble coffee exports
Regarding the EU27 area’s exports of soluble coffee (officially: extracts, essences and concentrates of
coffee included in HS21011100), total exports remained virtually unchanged in 2022 (-0.6%) with
deliveries staying at 76,345 tonnes to non-EU destinations.
Exports of soluble coffee have been conditioned by the same two factors – Brexit and the invasion of
Ukraine –already mentioned in the previous section as well as their effects on roasted coffee exports.
Their influence on soluble coffee exports is comparable.
Exports to the Russian Federation have plummeted to 4,524 tonnes in 2022. This figure represents
-44.5% change during the analysis period and almost two thirds of soluble coffee sales to the Russian
Federation have been lost since they peaked at 12,075 tonnes in 2016. In 2018 the Russian Federation
absorbed 20.5% of total EU exports of soluble coffee while they only represent 5.9% in 2022.
Exports to the Ukraine have also fallen sharply in 2022 to 5,660 tonnes (-18.4% yoy). However,
Ukraine remains as the third largest market for EU27-produced soluble coffee with a 7.4% market share.
Brexit has propelled the United Kingdom to the leading position among export markets for EU27
producers of soluble coffee. After reaching 25,351 tonnes in 2020 (33.5% of total exports), deliveries
to the UK have steadily declined during the analysis period to 22,118 tonnes in 2022. This figure still
represents 29% of EU27’s total exports of soluble coffee.
EU27 Exports of SOLUBLE COFFEE
To non-EU Destinations
HS 21011100, 2015-2017, in tonnes and as a percentage of total exports
COUNTRIES
2020
2021
2022
Tonnes
%
Tonnes
%
Tonnes
%
UNITED KINGDOM
25,351.1
33.5%
23,520.9
30.6%
22,117.6
29.0%
TÜRKIYE
4,482.6
5.9%
6,479.2
8.4%
9,203.9
12.1%
UKRAINE
6,640.7
8.8%
6,940.8
9.0%
5,660.2
7.4%
SOUTH AFRICA
5,460.3
7.2%
5,657.4
7.4%
4,869.8
6.4%
AUSTRALIA
5,403.0
7.1%
5,480.1
7.1%
4,580.5
6.0%
RUSSIAN FEDERATION
8,152.5
10.8%
6,076.7
7.9%
4,524.1
5.9%
EGYPT
2,266.7
3.0%
2,403.0
3.1%
2,628.5
3.4%
UNITED STATES
3,249.1
4.3%
4,138.9
5.4%
2,211.0
2.9%
NORWAY
1,675.7
2.2%
1,836.5
2.4%
1,762.9
2.3%
UNITED ARAB EMIRATES
720.8
1.0%
781.8
1.0%
1,392.7
1.8%
CHINA
637.1
0.8%
785.5
1.0%
1,067.0
1.4%
SERBIA
923.1
1.2%
879.2
1.1%
882.0
1.2%
SWITZERLAND
1,810.5
2.4%
1,544.8
2.0%
855.1
1.1%
SAUDI ARABIA
594.4
0.8%
1,178.9
1.5%
741.8
1.0%
MOROCCO
682.8
0.9%
789.7
1.0%
691.1
0.9%
OTHERS
7,570.3
10.0%
8,302.7
10.8%
13,156.6
17.2%
TOTAL
75,620.7
100.0%
76,796.1
100.0%
76,344.8
100.0%
Source: Eurostat
European Coffee Report 2022/2023 23
South Africa, Australia, and the United States traditionally completed the ‘Top 5’ destinations for EU27’s
soluble coffee (with The Russian Federation and Ukraine). Sales to this ‘Anglo-Saxon Bloc’ area steadily
declining, with the case of Australia following a multiyear trend (-1,500 tonnes since 2018) while South
Africa and the United States posted sharp falls in 2022: -14.0% and -46.6%, respectively (yoy). South
Africa remains as EU27’s fourth largest market, while Australia is now the fifth (third in 2018) and the
United States is the eight (fifth in 2018).
Türkiye has emerged as the second largest market for EU27’s soluble coffee with 9,204 tonnes
exported to the country in 2022 (+42.1% yoy). Deliveries to Türkiye have experienced a six-fold
increase since 2018 with close to 8,000 tonnes of soluble coffee added to exports. Türkiye’s share of
EU27’s total exports of soluble coffee has blown up from 3.1% in 2018 to 12.1% in 2022. Other markets
presenting a favourable outlook are the United Arab Emirates (+672 tonnes during the analysis period),
China (+430 tonnes), and Egypt (+362 tonnes). On the negative side, exports to Switzerland have
plummeted to 855 tonnes in 2022 (-955 tonnes during the analysis period).
European Coffee Report 2022/2023 24
7. EU 27 COFEE TRADE: IMPORTS AND EXPORTS IN VALUE
This section features some relevant data aimed at adequately valuating the importance of the coffee
sector within the EU food and drinks industry.
The table below shows the value of imports and exports of green coffee, green decaffeinated coffee,
roasted regular coffee, roasted decaffeinated coffee, and soluble coffee in the EU27 area during the
analysis period.
EU27 Coffee Trade in Value
2020-2022 (EUR million)
Green Coffee, Green Decaffeinated Coffee, Roasted Coffee, Roasted Decaffeinated Coffee, Soluble Coffee
GREEN
COFFEE
GREEN
DECAF
COFFEE
ROASTED
COFFEE
ROASTED
DECAF
COFFEE
SOLUBLE
COFFEE
Imports
2020
2021
2022
2020
2021
2022
2020
2021
2022
2020
2021
2022
2020
2021
2022
EU extra
trade
5,798.2
6,478.1
11,053.7
29.7
45.7
60.1
1,541.1
1,582.7
1,567.1
132.8
212.5
111.4
435.1
413.9
606.7
EU
intra
trade
1,075.4
1,181.1
1,912.3
106.8
101.9
133.9
4,424.0
4,915.3
6,122.8
238.5
176.8
282.4
858.8
900.7
1,197.9
Exports
2020
2021
2022
2020
2021
2022
2020
2021
2022
2020
2021
2022
2020
2021
2022
EU extra
trade
153.8
194.7
312.9
257.2
288.3
393.2
1,478.8
1,505.3
1,825.3
51.6
47.0
61.2
708.7
709.6
880.9
EU
intra
trade
1,118.4
1,301.2
2,132.9
191.9
200.9
274.3
4,574.8
5,112.0
6,191.4
247.3
250.4
259.6
920.4
943.5
1,251.5
Source: Eurostat
These data make a distinction between intra EU trade and extra EU trade. Coffee is not only one of the
most traded commodities in the world markets, but it is also subject to an intense trade between EU27
countries. The value of intra-EU exports of green coffee (normal and decaffeinated) jumped to EUR 2.4
billion in 2022 (+60.4% yoy), while those of finished coffee products (roasted regular coffee, roasted
decaffeinated coffee and soluble coffee) reached EUR 7.7 billion in 2022 (+18.2% yoy). These figures
need to be put into perspective in order to understand the intensity of coffee trade within the EU27 trade
bloc. Countries within the EU27 area exported EUR 0.7 billion worth of green coffee (normal and
decaffeinated) in 2022, while exports of finished coffee products (roasted regular coffee, roasted
decaffeinated coffee and soluble coffee) stayed at just under EUR 2.8 billion in that same year.
European Coffee Report 2022/2023 25
8. COFFEE CONSUMPTION BY COUNTRY IN THE EU27
The following tables and graphs are derived from data provided by Euromonitor International. The data
may differ from those obtained from other sources. This may be the result of the application of diverse
definitions or diverging methodologies. “Coffee” is here the aggregation of fresh coffee (beans, pods,
and ground coffee) and instant coffee (soluble). Please note that foodservice sales of coffee are volumes
sold to the on-trade (foodservice) sector and do not represent values of coffee sold to the consumer.
Total Coffee Sales in EU27 Markets 2020-2022
In volume (‘000 tonnes) and in value (EUR million)
2020
2021
2022
Volume
Value
Volume
Value
Volume
Value
Austria
41
783
45
918
48
1,002
Belgium
46
632
48
652
50
698
Bulgaria
19
282
19
305
20
344
Croatia
21
175
22
183
22
200
Czechia
25
400
24
416
25
495
Denmark
33
448
33
459
34
514
Estonia*
05
140
06
152
06
163
Finland
46
374
48
407
49
480
France
220
4,207
230
4,474
232
4,958
Germany
450
4,995
450
5,359
450
6,171
Greece
33
349
34
372
34
514
Hungary
29
353
30
367
30
412
Ireland
08
250
09
283
10
320
Italy
184
2,339
186
2,348
186
2,476
Latvia*
04
155
05
156
05
164
Lithuania
12
175
12
181
12
247
Netherlands
98
1,103
98
1,111
98
1,175
Poland
104
1,068
106
1,094
106
1,326
Portugal
27
566
29
668
31
630
Romania
47
436
47
484
48
598
Slovakia
14
273
15
284
14
301
Slovenia
14
172
15
182
15
200
Spain
136
1,761
144
1,867
144
2,004
Sweden
84
502
85
517
87
537
Source: © Euromonitor International. Value data in EUR million (current prices) and y-o-y exchange rates have been applied to
non-Euro currencies. Value is calculated as ‘Retail value’ estimated as per Retail Sales Price (RSP).
*Data for Estonia and Latvia have been modelled.
The EU27 coffee market showed on aggregate a very stable profile in terms of volume during the
analysis period (2020-2022), as it would be expected from a trade bloc which includes European
countries with mature markets. However, this stability in volume (+2.3% yoy in 2021 and +0.9% yoy in
2022) has not been matched by the evolution of the coffee market in value. Inflation is affecting the
coffee sector as any other industry in the European economy and the coffee market value climbed
to EUR 25.93 billion in 2022 (+11.6% yoy), adding on to the 5.9% yoy growth experienced by the coffee
market in the EU27 area during 2021.
As for the evolution in different countries within the EU27 area, Latvia and Estonia remain as very
dynamic markets, although their market volumes are comparatively very low (0.3% of the EU27 market
European Coffee Report 2022/2023 26
each). Other countries showing a positive trend during the analysis period are: Austria (+28% in value,
+17% in volume), Ireland (+28% in value, +25% in volume), and Portugal (+15% in volume, +11% in
value). In countries such as Lithuania (+41% in value, 0% in volume), Romania (+37% in value, 2% in
volume), Greece (47% in value, 3% in volume), Finland (28% in value, 7% in volume), or Poland (24% in
value, 2 % in volume), inflation seems to be driving the expansion of the coffee market value with little
or no added volume to coffee sales.
Overall, major EU27 markets have experienced very modest growth in terms of volume during the
analysis period 2020-2022 (0 to 4% yoy), while market values have expanded significantly due to
inflation: Germany (24% in value, 0% in volume); France (18% in value, 5% in volume); Italy (6% in value,
1% in volume); and Spain (14% in value, 6% in volume).
COFFEE in RETAIL vs. Coffee in FOODSERVICES
Market Share in EU27 Markets 2022
as a percentage of total coffee volume sold
COUNTRY
Retail
(%)
Foodservices
(%)
COUNTRY
Retail
(%)
Foodservices
(%)
Austria
87
13
Italy
74
26
Belgium
79
21
Latvia*
88
12
Bulgaria
82
18
Lithuania
89
11
Croatia
59
41
Luxembourg
81
19
Cyprus
81
19
Malta
79
21
Czechia
92
08
Netherlands
82
18
Denmark
80
20
Poland
88
12
Estonia*
87
13
Portugal
58
42
Finland
88
12
Romania
82
18
France
86
14
Slovakia
96
04
Germany
90
10
Slovenia
85
15
Greece
51
49
Spain
63
37
Hungary
86
14
Sweden
71
29
Ireland
84
16
EU27 TOTAL
81
19
Source: © Euromonitor International
*Figures for Estonia and Latvia have been modelled
In terms of market channels, the share of retail and foodservices (essentially representing out-of-home
consumption) differs substantially between markets, ranging from a 49% share of the foodservices
channel in Greece to just 4% in Slovakia. The foodservice channel is also prominent in those countries
where tourism is a key industry: Portugal (42%), Croatia (41%), Spain (37%), and Italy (26%). In
exchange, the retail channel prevails not only in Slovakia (96%), but also in Czechia (92%), Germany
(90%), or Poland (88%). If we compare data for EU27 countries on aggregate with those collected
by Euromonitor in 2017, the foodservices channel has lost market share on aggregate. On one
hand, it has not yet fully recovered in tourist destinations after the pandemic, especially in the Iberia
region: Portugal (-12 percentage points), and Spain (-4 percentage points). On the other hand, large
markets such as France (-3 percentage points) or Germany (-2 percentage points) also showed a
negative evolution, as it happened in countries such as Ireland (-11 percentage points) and The
Netherlands (-6 percentage points).
European Coffee Report 2022/2023 27
FRESH vs. INSTANT COFFEE
Market Size by Channel 2022
total retail volume in tonnes
RETAIL
FOODSERVICES
COUNTRIES
Fresh
Instant
Fresh
Instant
Austria
37,931.5
3,527.0
6,130.2
0.0
Belgium
36,139.0
3,154.9
10,021.7
245.6
Bulgaria
9,817.1
6,354.5
2,982.1
601.8
Croatia
10,342.3
2,491.2
7,467.8
1,482.1
Cyprus
2,328.9
639.8
583.5
124.6
Czech Republic
14,833.3
7,788.5
1,862.2
156.5
Denmark
25,054.2
2,318.6
6,871.1
0.0
Estonia
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
Finland
41,772.6
957.7
6,065.2
0.0
France
186,196.6
12,812.0
30,598.3
2,160.0
Germany
402,929.6
50,879.2
47,390.3
3,063.5
Greece
13,572.1
4,081.7
15,330.5
1,841.0
Hungary
15,884.3
9,943.5
3,911.7
172.8
Ireland
6,792.0
1,453.5
954.8
607.7
Italy
134,377.5
3,920.2
45,968.4
2,136.7
Latvia
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
Lithuania
8,832.2
2,073.2
1,114.4
257.9
Luxembourg
2,357.6
247.3
582.0
29.6
Malta
1,042.9
118.8
272.5
40.7
Netherlands
75,935.5
4,659.2
16,769.4
819.8
Poland
72,249.6
21,020.5
11,549.7
1,071.3
Portugal
15,577.2
2,333.7
12,603.8
264.6
Romania
32,024.9
7,596.3
6,605.2
1,968.6
Slovakia
9,291.9
4,598.4
517.6
76.2
Slovenia
10,649.3
1,884.0
1,794.3
386.0
Spain
77,575.9
12,792.4
52,498.4
1,131.5
Sweden
59,060.0
2,511.6
24,895.9
185.6
Source: © Euromonitor International
*Euromonitor defines “fresh coffee” as the aggregate of “fresh coffee beans” (green coffee) and “fresh ground coffee”, which
includes “standard fresh ground coffee” and “fresh ground coffee pods”.
European Coffee Report 2022/2023 28
Coffee pods
1
in all their formats have revolutionised the way we consume coffee in Europe and around
the world, especially at home or in the office. The pandemic has only served as a booster for this format
given the increased level of coffee consumption at home. Coffee pods represented 16% of the EU27
market in terms of volume (tonnes of coffee sold) in 2022. Although five out of six kilos of coffee are
consumed via a different format, in value terms coffee pods generate 40% of total retail sales in
the EU27 area. Therefore, coffee pods are a key source of revenue for coffee roasters, especially when
considering coffee sales to households (retail channel).
Source: © Euromonitor International
*EU27 total figures do not include data from Estonia and Latvia.
1
Pods are portions of fresh ground coffee encapsulated in a container, which can be metal, plastic or paper. Both soft pods (pads)
and hard pods (capsules) are included.
TRADITIONAL COFFEE vs. COFFEE PODS
Market Share in the EU27 Markets 2021-2022
as a percentage of total coffee volume (tonnes)
2021
2022
Countries
Traditional
Coffee
Coffee
Pods
Traditional
Coffee
Coffee
Pods
Austria
80
20
82
18
Belgium
69
31
69
31
Bulgaria
93
07
93
07
Croatia*
99
01
99
01
Cyprus*
92
08
92
08
Czechia
94
06
94
06
Denmark
98
02
98
02
Estonia
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
Finland
99
01
99
01
France
66
34
66
34
Germany
87
13
87
13
Greece
97
03
97
03
Hungary
95
05
95
05
Ireland
39
61
39
61
Italy
85
15
85
15
Latvia
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
Lithuania
98
02
98
02
Luxembourg
77
23
77
23
Malta
81
19
80
20
Netherlands
64
36
65
35
Poland
98
02
98
02
Portugal
66
34
73
27
Romania
98
02
97
03
Slovakia
95
05
95
05
Slovenia
99
01
99
01
Spain
84
16
84
16
Sweden
99
01
99
01
EU27
TOTAL*
84
16
84
16
European Coffee Report 2022/2023 29
Not all countries in the EU27 area have fallen in love with coffee pods. Great “coffee nations” such as
the Nordic countries and the Baltics remain loyal to coffee beans or ground coffee with the market
share of coffee pods staying below 2% in 2022 (in volume terms). These countries tend to value high
quality fresh coffee beans even when consuming coffee at home and the large size (mL) of their average
coffee drink makes pods relatively less attractive in these markets. Central and Eastern European
countries are similarly less inclined to consume coffee in pods with a market share for this system
consistently below 10%. Coffee consumption in these countries certainly follows a more traditional
pattern (method of preparation) and the cost per pod may still be a deterrent in these middle-income
markets.
TRADITIONAL COFFEE vs. COFFEE PODS
Market Share in the EU27 Markets 2021-2022
as a percentage of total coffee retail value
2021
2022
Traditional
Coffee
Coffee
Pods
Traditional
Coffee
Coffee
Pods
Austria
56
44
58
42
Belgium
54
46
53
47
Bulgaria
79
21
77
23
Croatia*
92
08
92
08
Cyprus*
73
27
74
26
Czechia
88
12
87
13
Denmark
92
08
92
08
Estonia
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
Finland
95
05
95
05
France
36
64
35
65
Germany
75
25
75
25
Greece
81
19
81
19
Hungary
82
18
80
20
Ireland
78
22
22
78
Italy
46
54
44
56
Latvia
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
Lithuania
96
04
95
05
Luxembourg
44
56
43
57
Malta
47
53
46
54
Netherlands
48
52
49
51
Poland
93
07
93
07
Portugal
23
77
26
74
Romania
93
07
92
08
Slovakia
85
15
87
13
Slovenia
98
02
98
02
Spain
41
59
41
59
Sweden
91
09
91
09
EU27
TOTAL*
60
40
61
39
Source: © Euromonitor International
*EU27 total figures do not include data from Estonia and Latvia.
Note: Value data in EUR million (current prices) and y-o-y exchange rates have been applied to non-Euro currencies. Value is
calculated as ‘Retail value’ estimated as per Retail Sales Price (RSP). ‘Traditional coffee’ includes fresh coffee beans, fresh ground
coffee and instant coffee, including ground and instant decaffeinated coffee. ‘Coffee pods’ includes all fresh ground coffee in pods.
European Coffee Report 2022/2023 30
Germany marks the ‘great coffee pods divide’ in Europe. Although pods represent 13% of the market
(volume) and 25% of sales (value), Germans still prefer traditional brewing systems for their cups of
coffee. In the rest of Western Europe, coffee pods have achieved higher market shares in terms of
volume (2022): Italy (15%), Spain (16%), Austria (18%), Portugal (27%), Belgium (31%), France (34%),
and The Netherlands (35%). In many of these countries, value sales of coffee pods represent now more
than 50% of the market: The Netherlands (51%), Italy (56%), Spain (59%), France (65%), and Portugal
(74%).
Finally, while coffee pods are now ubiquitous in European households and will remain so in the near
future, coffee beans are also making a comeback both in foodservices and at home. The market
share as a percentage of total value sales in 2022 reached 13.4%, up from 12.6% in 2021. In terms of
volume, coffee beans represented 26.0% of total coffee sold in the EU27 area (excluding Estonia and
Latvia) during 2022, up from 24.2% in 2021.
European Coffee Report 2022/2023 31
9. EU27 COUNTRIES KEY NATIONAL IMPORT DATA
IMPORT STATISTICS 2022 (by country of origin, incl. intra-EU trade, in tonnes)
AUSTRIA
Green Coffee
(incl. Decaf)
Roasted Coffee
(incl. Decaf)
Soluble Coffee
Germany
4,062.6
Germany
16,965.8
Germany
2,680.1
Viet Nam
3,066.0
Italy
9,979.6
Switzerland
222.2
Italy
2,022.0
Slovakia
9,641.2
India
212.1
Brazil
1,987.9
Switzerland
3,236.3
Belgium
141.0
Belgium
901.7
Netherlands
704.0
Italy
129.4
Others
1,844.2
Others
2,256.1
Others
531.4
TOTAL
13,884.4
TOTAL
42,783.0
TOTAL
3,916.2
BELGIUM
Green Coffee
(incl. Decaf)
Roasted Coffee
(incl. Decaf)
Soluble Coffee
Brazil
133,097.4
Germany
12,229.4
Germany
1,422.8
Viet Nam
67,561.0
Netherlands
11,329.1
Netherlands
1,052.6
Honduras
28,578.9
France
5,317.0
France
881.5
Peru
26,920.8
Italy
4,513.0
India
518.8
Colombia
15,650.1
Poland
1,763.2
Poland
472.7
Others
113,652.1
Others
4,133.7
Others
1,708.4
TOTAL
385,460.3
TOTAL
39,285.4
TOTAL
6,056.8
BULGARIA
Green Coffee
(incl. Decaf)
Roasted Coffee
(incl. Decaf)
Soluble Coffee
Viet Nam
6,105.6
Italy
6,943.8
Brazil
528.5
Brazil
4,131.1
Poland
1,268.9
Poland
236.3
Indonesia
3,406.2
Germany
846.3
France
121.9
Germany
2,780.3
Spain
406.4
Hungary
119.3
India
2,625.6
Romania
177.1
Germany
94.3
Others
6,330.3
Others
800.9
Others
239.7
TOTAL
25,379.1
TOTAL
10,443.4
TOTAL
1,340.0
European Coffee Report 2022/2023 32
CROATIA
Green Coffee
(incl. Decaf)
Roasted Coffee
(incl. Decaf)
Soluble Coffee
Slovenia
9,431.1
Italy
2,380.8
Poland
423.0
Italy
2,137.0
Slovenia
2,116.2
Spain
422.0
Germany
858.8
Germany
527.4
Germany
301.0
India
71.5
Greece
400.4
Brazil
216.6
Brazil
59.2
Austria
348.4
Switzerland
102.7
Others
120.9
Others
516.2
Others
258.7
TOTAL
12,678.5
TOTAL
6,289.4
TOTAL
1,724.0
CYPRUS
Green Coffee
(incl. Decaf)
Roasted Coffee
(incl. Decaf)
Soluble Coffee
Brazil
863.7
Greece
914.7
Greece
535.4
Greece
193.4
Italy
199.9
Netherlands
65.1
Ethiopia
57.6
United Kingdom
128.8
India
43.2
India
47.5
Germany
110.1
Russian Federation
38.3
Colombia
39.9
Netherlands
97.1
Germany
37.3
Others
104.3
Others
327.9
Others
174.3
TOTAL
1,306,4
TOTAL
1,778.5
TOTAL
893.6
CZECHIA
Green Coffee
(incl. Decaf)
Roasted Coffee
(incl. Decaf)
Soluble Coffee
Germany
13,341,3
Germany
16,761.5
Germany
3,374.9
Countries / territories
not specified*
2,082,8
Poland
9,203.0
Spain
2,972.5
Belgium
1,126,9
Italy
3,356.2
Belgium
1,999.4
Italy
149,6
France
2,468.6
Netherlands
1,887.8
Slovakia
54,4
Austria
2,086.5
Poland
1,740.7
Others
107,3
Others
6,169.5
Others
1,369.1
TOTAL
16,862,3
TOTAL
40,045.3
TOTAL
13,344.4
European Coffee Report 2022/2023 33
DENMARK
Green Coffee
(incl. Decaf)
Roasted Coffee
(incl. Decaf)
Soluble Coffee
Brazil
4,814.2
Germany
8,972.0
Netherlands
1,392.2
Germany
2,555.1
Sweden
8,455.0
Germany
780.7
Uganda
1,237.7
Italy
1,772.1
Hungary
251.1
Mexico
1,185.2
Belgium
1,073.0
Sweden
250.4
Viet Nam
1,059.5
Kenya
1,001.7
United Kingdom
229.2
Others
5,069.2
Others
3,348.4
Others
887.6
TOTAL
15,920.9
TOTAL
24,622.2
TOTAL
3,791.2
ESTONIA
Green Coffee
(incl. Decaf)
Roasted Coffee
(incl. Decaf)
Soluble Coffee
Lithuania
110.7
Finland
2,383.9
Lithuania
159.6
Poland
100.3
Lithuania
1,776.0
Latvia
38.3
Belgium
81.1
Latvia
1,088.3
Poland
24.2
Brazil
80.7
Italy
219.2
Finland
12.2
Netherlands
74.6
Poland
150.2
India
9.0
Others
49.7
Others
349.5
Others
14.8
TOTAL
497.1
TOTAL
5,967.1
TOTAL
258.1
FINLAND
Green Coffee
(incl. Decaf)
Roasted Coffee
(incl. Decaf)
Soluble Coffee
Brazil
24,514.5
Sweden
6,008.4
Germany
203,8
Colombia
8,984.1
Netherlands
5,799.5
Switzerland
187,3
Honduras
5,671.2
Germany
5,599.7
Sweden
172,5
Kenya
2,137.3
Denmark
225.6
Denmark
73,9
Nicaragua
1,577.1
Estonia
217.8
Spain
62,6
Others
8,330.8
Others
549.9
Others
31,2
TOTAL
51,215.0
TOTAL
18,400.9
TOTAL
731.3
European Coffee Report 2022/2023 34
FRANCE
Green Coffee
(incl. Decaf)
Roasted Coffee
(incl. Decaf)
Soluble Coffee
Brazil
54,113.7
Switzerland
37,029.1
Spain
3,584.6
Belgium
52,663.0
Netherlands
32,206.2
Germany
3,394.9
Viet Nam
27,565.3
Italy
25,864.6
United Kingdom
1,457.6
Honduras
10,729.1
Germany
22,476.1
Netherlands
704.7
Ethiopia
9,652.5
Belgium
19,988.4
Poland
551.5
Others
56,850.4
Others
16,850.5
Others
2,796.1
TOTAL
211,574.0
TOTAL
154,414.9
TOTAL
12,489.4
GERMANY
Green Coffee
(incl. Decaf)
Roasted Coffee
(incl. Decaf)
Soluble Coffee
Brazil
405,117.0
Italy
61,434.5
Belgium
7,149.9
Viet Nam
240,615.3
Switzerland
10,976.9
Poland
5,785.8
Honduras
75,423.4
Netherlands
9,262.5
Ecuador
3,164.9
Ethiopia
55,570.7
Poland
7,610.4
Switzerland
2,847.3
Peru
54,510.6
France
7,590.1
Netherlands
2,774.8
Others
316,598.8
Others
13,415.8
Others
13,186.4
TOTAL
1,147,835.8
TOTAL
110,290.2
TOTAL
34,909.1
GREECE
Green Coffee
(incl. Decaf)
Roasted Coffee
(incl. Decaf)
Soluble Coffee
Brazil
21,237.9
Italy
8,618.6
Spain
4,421.6
Viet Nam
3,401.3
Germany
1,746.5
Netherlands
495.1
India
3,213.4
France
1,155.4
France
381.6
Colombia
2,193.7
Bulgaria
1,118.9
United Kingdom
159.7
Germany
1,671.7
Belgium
431.5
Germany
138.8
Others
7,193.7
Others
1,374.2
Others
239.3
TOTAL
38,911.7
TOTAL
14,445.1
TOTAL
5,836.1
HUNGARY
Green Coffee
(incl. Decaf)
Roasted Coffee
(incl. Decaf)
Soluble Coffee
Germany
2,451.5
Slovakia
8,201.0
Spain
3,030.7
Belgium
2,204.9
Germany
3,927.3
Viet Nam
951.5
Netherlands
388.6
Poland
3,500.4
France
498.1
France
95.2
Italy
1,852.7
Poland
364.9
Viet Nam
58.2
Bulgaria
1,575.3
Germany
282.8
Others
239.6
Others
2,983.2
Others
862.8
TOTAL
5,438.0
TOTAL
22,039.9
TOTAL
5,990.8
European Coffee Report 2022/2023 35
IRELAND
Green Coffee
(incl. Decaf)
Roasted Coffee
(incl. Decaf)
Soluble Coffee
Brazil
2,959.4
United Kingdom
3,097.9
United Kingdom
1,943.8
Netherlands
1,556.1
Germany
2,501.8
Spain
117.8
Peru
947.7
France
839.0
Poland
90.4
Colombia
947.0
Spain
387.0
Germany
70.0
Indonesia
564.5
Netherlands
364.4
India
31.4
Others
2,274.6
Others
827.1
Others
56.7
TOTAL
9,249.3
TOTAL
8,017.2
TOTAL
2,310.1
ITALY
Green Coffee
(incl. Decaf)
Roasted Coffee
(incl. Decaf)
Soluble Coffee
Brazil
199,921.0
France
8,772.7
Spain
1,515.7
Viet Nam
151,014.1
Germany
8,746.3
India
1,304.0
Uganda
109,632.8
Belgium
3,038.6
Germany
601.5
India
64,373.5
Slovenia
1,711.2
Viet Nam
472.2
Indonesia
23,202.5
Spain
1,549.9
France
449.6
Others
126,303.9
Others
4,644.8
Others
899.0
TOTAL
674,447.8
TOTAL
28,463.5
TOTAL
5,242.0
LATVIA
Green Coffee
(incl. Decaf)
Roasted Coffee
(incl. Decaf)
Soluble Coffee
Brazil
922.1
Lithuania
3,595.6
Lithuania
544.7
Sweden
534.3
Germany
2,514.4
Poland
201.1
Germany
203.1
Sweden
1,038.5
India
172.9
Poland
170.4
Italy
557.0
Germany
23.2
Uganda
76.5
Poland
439.1
Cyprus
14.6
Others
289.4
Others
904.0
Others
29.4
TOTAL
2,195.8
TOTAL
9,048.6
TOTAL
985.9
NETHERLANDS
Green Coffee
(incl. Decaf)
Roasted Coffee
(incl. Decaf)
Soluble Coffee
Belgium
96,297.6
Germany
29,704.9
Germany
4,151.7
Brazil
51,264.1
Belgium
8,986.8
United Kingdom
4,057.8
Germany
21,196.1
Poland
8,731.9
Brazil
1,598.9
Viet Nam
14,542.3
Italy
6,254.6
France
1,365.6
Colombia
10,286.5
Luxembourg
4,821.4
Belgium
1,302.3
Others
49,043.7
Others
16,839.9
Others
5,481.8
TOTAL
242,630.3
TOTAL
75,339.5
TOTAL
17,958.1
European Coffee Report 2022/2023 36
LITHUANIA
Green Coffee
(incl. Decaf)
Roasted Coffee
(incl. Decaf)
Soluble Coffee
Germany
1,243.8
Germany
6,345.8
Germany
358.5
Brazil
536.4
Denmark
5,318.9
Poland
230.9
Spain
250.0
Italy
3,027.3
Brazil
180.5
Viet Nam
242.0
Estonia
2,373.2
Spain
87.4
Poland
178.1
Poland
2,088.7
Denmark
81.8
Others
1,110.8
Others
3,952.7
Others
258.5
TOTAL
3,561.1
TOTAL
23,106,6
TOTAL
1,197.6
LUXEMBOURG
Green Coffee
(incl. Decaf)
Roasted Coffee
(incl. Decaf)
Soluble Coffee
Belgium
488.6
Germany
12,780.7
Belgium
78.8
France
111.2
Belgium
1,917.6
Germany
72.7
Colombia
34.9
Italy
1,604.5
Netherlands
40.1
Germany
28.6
Netherlands
970.4
Poland
2.6
India
19.2
Portugal
337.4
France
2.1
Others
32.7
Others
537.3
Others
1.6
TOTAL
715.2
TOTAL
18,147.9
TOTAL
197.9
MALTA
Green Coffee
(incl. Decaf)
Roasted Coffee
(incl. Decaf)
Soluble Coffee
Italy
39.2
Italy
603.8
Brazil
122.6
Germany
7.4
Germany
93.4
United Kingdom
91.4
Netherlands
6.6
United Kingdom
47.0
Italy
49.8
Denmark
2.4
Spain
39.6
Morocco
47.2
United Kingdom
0.7
Portugal
19.7
France
30.1
Others
1.0
Others
25.1
Others
56.3
TOTAL
57.3
TOTAL
828.6
TOTAL
397.4
POLAND
Green Coffee
(incl. Decaf)
Roasted Coffee
(incl. Decaf)
Soluble Coffee
Germany
78,800.6
Germany
33,741.8
Germany
12,086.3
Viet Nam
9,361.3
Italy
18,262.6
India
4,330.8
Brazil
8,962.6
Netherlands
4,089.3
Spain
4,190.8
Belgium
5,442.8
Lithuania
2,396.0
Brazil
2,428.2
Netherlands
2,937.1
Belgium
1,316.1
Viet Nam
2,209.4
Others
7,171.8
Others
7,846.6
Others
5,252.8
TOTAL
112,676.2
TOTAL
67,652.4
TOTAL
30,498.3
European Coffee Report 2022/2023 37
PORTUGAL
Green Coffee
(incl. Decaf)
Roasted Coffee
(incl. Decaf)
Soluble Coffee
Viet Nam
12,988.6
Spain
5,415.3
Spain
569.7
Spain
8,510.9
France
2,660.7
Germany
413.4
Uganda
7,473.9
Italy
2,355.4
France
175.7
Brazil
5,431.9
Germany
995.7
Hungary
37.2
India
2,728.8
Netherlands
430.5
Netherlands
28.6
Others
13,303.9
Others
757.5
Others
51.1
TOTAL
50,438.0
TOTAL
12,615.1
TOTAL
1,275.7
ROMANIA
Green Coffee
(incl. Decaf)
Roasted Coffee
(incl. Decaf)
Soluble Coffee
Brazil
2,785.9
Germany
9,779.2
Poland
525.2
Uganda
2,166.6
Italy
9,063.0
Brazil
398.7
Viet Nam
2,034.1
Bulgaria
6,458.3
Viet Nam
369.6
Germany
2,025.7
Poland
4,413.0
Germany
357.4
Colombia
1,841.4
Hungary
1,433.8
Spain
347.6
Others
6,695.8
Others
4,794.3
Others
1,274.8
TOTAL
17,549.5
TOTAL
35,941.6
TOTAL
3,273.3
SLOVAKIA
Green Coffee
(incl. Decaf)
Roasted Coffee
(incl. Decaf)
Soluble Coffee
Belgium
1,418.3
Germany
15,144.8
Czechia
1,690.7
Germany
1,238.5
Poland
9,288.8
Poland
664.4
Czechia
472.1
Hungary
5,542.5
Germany
43.3
Viet Nam
91.3
Romania
4,221.2
Hungary
23.0
Brazil
77.3
Czechia
2,654.4
India
15.0
Others
150.9
Others
3,125.9
Others
39.8
TOTAL
3,448.4
TOTAL
39,977.6
TOTAL
2,476.2
European Coffee Report 2022/2023 38
SLOVENIA
Green Coffee
(incl. Decaf)
Roasted Coffee
(incl. Decaf)
Soluble Coffee
Brazil
11,655.5
Italy
2,341.6
Croatia
92.5
India
6,382.8
Croatia
795.0
Germany
89.6
Viet Nam
3,802.1
Bosnia and
Herzegovina
591.4
Austria
53.4
Uganda
1,852.2
Serbia
245.8
Poland
42.5
Colombia
1,173.9
Germany
242.4
Italy
26.2
Others
2,723.0
Others
393.8
Others
47.1
TOTAL
27,589.5
TOTAL
4,610.0
TOTAL
351.3
SPAIN
Green Coffee
(incl. Decaf)
Roasted Coffee
(incl. Decaf)
Soluble Coffee
Viet Nam
113,549.8
France
9,026.2
Viet Nam
1,555.3
Brazil
69,519.3
Germany
5,996.0
Netherlands
901.6
Germany
41,823.0
Portugal
4,820.5
Mexico
795.8
Belgium
25,213.8
Italy
2,861.7
India
341.6
Indonesia
20,500.4
Switzerland
2,512.2
Brazil
301.8
Others
72,854.9
Others
3,421.1
Others
1,401.9
TOTAL
343,461.2
TOTAL
28,637.7
TOTAL
5,298.0
SWEDEN
Green Coffee
(incl. Decaf)
Roasted Coffee
(incl. Decaf)
Soluble Coffee
Brazil
37,894.3
Netherlands
3,693.6
Switzerland
1,201.3
Peru
13,422.9
Italy
2,683.6
Czechia
770.6
Honduras
8,025.3
Germany
1,666.6
Germany
443.0
Germany
5,548.3
Switzerland
1,109.2
Netherlands
435.5
Netherlands
5,494.1
Denmark
988.4
Spain
429.3
Others
32,048.5
Others
2,276.7
Others
1,355.9
TOTAL
102,433.4
TOTAL
12,418.1
TOTAL
4,635.6
Source: Eurostat
European Coffee Report 2022/2023 39
10. EU MARKET IN PERSPECTIVE
Based on data from the International Coffee Organization (ICO), the graph below shows the evolution
of coffee consumption in major regions in the world during the analysis period:
Source: ICO
Total world coffee consumption increased by 597,900 tonnes during the analysis period (2020-2022),
with Europe adding 189,060 tonnes and Asia Pacific 172,380 tonnes. Both regions on aggregate account
for 60% of total growth in volume during 2022. However, sustained growth in Europe has just allowed
the continent to reach pre-pandemic consumption levels in 2022: 3.33 million tonnes (same figure as in
2018). Growth in 2022 stayed at a meagre 0.1% yoy.
North America’s consumption has pushed above pre-pandemic levels with 1.92 million tonnes
consumed in 2022 (1.91 in 2018) showing a similar recovery pattern to that of Europe, although with a
better outlook (+1.3% yoy in 2022).
The Asia Pacific region is showing a healthier growth pattern than the previously mentioned regions with
consumption increasing by 4% (CAGR) during the analysis period (+3.1% yoy in 2022). Although
consumption levels are lower, the Africa region is posting sustained positive growth since 2017, and so
is the ‘Mexico, Caribe and Central America’ region.
ICO data show that the United States is the largest coffee consumer in the world with 1.66 million tonnes
in 2022, representing 16% of total world consumption of coffee. Brazil is not only the largest producer
and exporter of coffee, but also the second largest consumer market in the world with 1.36 million tonnes
of coffee brewed in the country during 2022, or 13% of total world consumption. The EU27 area
consumed on aggregate 2.54 million tonnes of coffee in 2022, or 24% of the coffee drunk in the world.
Germany (0.55 million tonnes), Italy (0.35 million tonnes), and France (0.35 million tonnes) are the
leading consuming countries within the EU27 trade bloc.
European Coffee Report 2022/2023 40
Source: ICO
As for consuming countries in Asia, Japan is the largest coffee market with 445,000 tonnes consumed
in 2022. However, Japan as not managed to bounce back to pre-pandemic consumption levels and
posted a modest 1.3% yoy growth in 2022. Indonesia is a major coffee producing country that also
enjoys drinking coffee: 343,000 tonnes in 2022 (+5.1% yoy).
Canada’s coffee consumption swiftly recovered after the pandemic, reaching 260,000 tonnes in 2022
(+1.9% yoy). Current consumption levels are almost 10% above pre-pandemic levels, making of
Canada one of the best performers among Western countries. Another large consumer, the United
Kingdom, suffered a double blow with Brexit and the pandemic. Consumption dropped (-7.2% yoy) in
2019 and plummeted (-21.6% yoy) in 2020, but British coffee consumption bounced back (+41.5%
yoy in 2021) and has managed to surpass pre-pandemic levels in 2022 with 241,000 tonnes.
Source: ICO
European Coffee Report 2022/2023 41
Finally, the Russian Federation remains a top coffee consumer in the world although the pandemic and
the invasion of Ukraine have substantially affected consumption levels. At 252,000 tonnes in 2022,
Russians consumed approximately 20% less coffee than in 2019.
Combining ICO consumption data and World Bank population information, the per capita consumption
in selected countries in 2022 would stay as follows:
Source: ICO, World Bank
Canada tops the ranking with 6.8 kg of coffee consumption per capita, closely followed by Brazil (6.4 kg)
and the European Union (5.7 kg). However, the EU27 trade bloc’s data hide in the average figure the
largest per capita consuming countries in the world, all above Canada’s level: Finland (11.8 kg), Denmark
(8.7 kg), The Netherlands (8.2 kg), Sweden (8.2 kg), and Belgium (6.8 kg). Other Nordic countries also
top this ranking: Norway (9.9 kg) and Iceland (9.0 kg).
European Coffee Report 2022/2023 42
11. EU VAT AND EXCISE DUTIES
ROASTED, NON-DECAFFEINATED COFFEE (0901210000), UNLESS INDICATED OTHERWISE
COUNTRY
VAT %
EXCISE DUTIES
Austria
20
Belgium
6
- Non-roasted coffee: EUR 0.2001 / kg net weight.
- Roasted coffee: EUR 0.2502 / kg net weight.
- An exemption from excise duty is granted when coffee serves
for industrial uses other than the roasting of coffee or the
production of coffee extracts.
Bulgaria
20
Croatia
25
- Roasted coffee: EUR 0.80 / kg net weight.
- Extracts, essences and concentrates of coffee: EUR 2.65 / kg
net weight (for coffee extracts: EUR 2.65 / kg dry matter).
- Preparations of coffee: EUR 0.80 / kg net weight.
- Preparations based on extracts, essences and concentrates of
coffee: EUR 2.65 / kg net weight.
- Coffee substitutes containing coffee: EUR 0.80 / kg net weight.
Cyprus
5
Czechia
15
Denmark
25
- Roasted coffee: DKK 7.67 / kg.
Estonia
20
Finland
14
France
5.5
Germany
7
- Roasted coffee: EUR 2.19 / kg.
Greece
13
- Roasted coffee: EUR 3.00 / kg.
- Non-roasted coffee: EUR 2.00 / kg.
Hungary
27
Ireland
0
Italy
22
Latvia
21
- EUR 142.29 / 100 kg of pure coffee.
Lithuania
21
Luxembourg
3
Malta
0
Netherlands
9
Poland
23
Portugal
23
Romania
9
Slovakia
20
Slovenia
9.5
Spain
10
- The import of non-reusable plastic packaging is taxed at a rate
of EUR 0.45 / kg net of non-recyclable plastic per net kilogram
of non-recyclable plastic. All tariff headings may be subject to
this tax, as they are all likely to contain products subject to the
tax. If it does not contain non-reusable plastic packaging, the
product is not subject to the tax.
Sweden
12
Source: Access2Markets (EC’s trade helpdesk website) as of 24 April 2023
Up-to-date information on VAT and excise duties can be found on the European Commission’s Trade
Helpdesk website (Access2Markets): https://trade.ec.europa.eu/access-to-markets. Please note that
indirect taxes, rates, and exemptions are established by each of the Member States’ legislation.
Therefore, full accuracy can only be obtained by consulting official sources. No responsibility can be
accepted by ECF for any inadvertent errors or omissions.
European Coffee Report 2022/2023 43
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