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MANONMANIAM SUNDARANAR UNIVERSITY
TIRUNELVELI – 12
M.SC BOTANY
TAMILNADU STATE COUNCIL FOR HIGHER EDUCATION,
CHENNAI – 600 005
FROM THE ACADEMIC YEAR 2023 – 2025
Contents
1. Preamble
2. Structure of Course
3. Learning and Teaching Activities
4. Assessment Activities
4.1 Assessment principles
4.2 Assessment Details
1. Introduction: PO & PSO
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Programme Outcome, Programme Specific Outcome and Course Outcome
Students completing this programme will be able to present their core post-graduate
discipline clearly and precisely, make abstract ideas precise by formulating them in the language
of the specific discipline, describe related ideas from multiple perspectives and explain
fundamental concepts. Completion of this programme will also enable the learners to join
teaching profession, enhance their employability for government jobs, jobs in various other
public and private enterprises.
TANSCHE REGULATIONS ON LEARNING OUTCOMES-BASED CURRICULUM
FRAMEWORK FOR POSTGRADUATE EDUCATION
Programme
M.Sc. Botany
Programme Code
Duration
PG - 2 years
Programme
Outcomes (Pos)
PO1: Problem Solving Skill
Apply knowledge of Management theories and Human Resource
practices to solve business problems through research in Global context.
PO2: Decision Making Skill
Foster analytical and critical thinking abilities for data-based decision-
making.
PO3: Ethical Value
Ability to incorporate quality, ethical and legal value-based perspectives
to all organizational activities.
PO4: Communication Skill
Ability to develop communication, managerial and interpersonal skills.
PO5: Individual and Team Leadership Skill
Capability to lead themselves and the team to achieve organizational
goals.
PO6: Employability Skill
Inculcate contemporary business practices to enhance employability skills
in the competitive environment.
PO7: Entrepreneurial Skill
Equip with skills and competencies to become an entrepreneur.
PO8: Contribution to Society
Succeed in career endeavours and contribute significantly to society.
PO 9 Multicultural competence
Possess knowledge of the values and beliefs of multiple cultures and a
global perspective.
PO 10: Moral and ethical awareness/reasoning
Ability to embrace moral/ethical values in conducting one’s life.
Programme
Specific Outcomes
(PSOs)
PSO1 – Placement
To prepare the students who will demonstrate respectful engagement with
others’ ideas, behaviours, beliefs and apply diverse frames of reference to
decisions and actions.
PSO 2 - Entrepreneur
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To create effective entrepreneurs by enhancing their critical thinking,
problem solving, decision making and leadership skill that will facilitate
start-ups and high potential organizations.
PSO3 – Research and Development
Design and implement HR systems and practices grounded in research
that comply with employment laws, leading the organization towards
growth and development.
PSO4 – Contribution to Business World
To produce employable, ethical and innovative professionals to sustain in
the dynamic business world.
PSO 5 – Contribution to the Society
To contribute to the development of the society by collaborating with
stakeholders for mutual benefit.
Component wise Credit Distribution
Credits
Sem I
Sem II
Sem III
Sem IV
Total
Part A
14
14
19
17
64
Part B
Discipline Centric /
Generic Skill
6
6
3
3
18
Soft Skill
-
2
2
2
06
Internship / Field Visit /
Industrial Visit /
Research Knowledge
Updating activity
-
-
2
-
02
Part C - Extension
Activity
-
-
-
1
01
Total
20
22
26
23
91
A component and Part B (i) will be taken into account for CGPA calculation for the post
graduate programme and the other component Part Band Part C have to be completed
during the duration of the programme as per the norms, to be eligible for obtaining PG
degree.
Written Examination: Theory Paper (Bloom’s Taxonomy based)
Question paper Model
1. Testing Pattern (25 +75)
Internal - 25 marks
External - 75 marks
2. Internal Assessment
Internal – 25 marks
Theory Course:
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For theory courses there shall be three tests conducted by the faculty concerned and the
average of the best two can be taken as the Continuous Internal Assessment (CIA) for a
maximum of 15 marks. The duration of each test shall be one/one and a half hour.
Continuous Internal Assessment
15 marks
Seminar
5 marks
Assignment
5 marks
For theory Papers:
Part A 15 X 1 = 15 Marks - Answer all questions (No choice)
Part B 5 X 4 = 20 Marks - Choosing either (a) or (b)
Part C 5 X 8 = 40 Marks - Choosing either (a) or (b)
Total = 75 marks
Laboratory Courses:
Internal - 50 marks
External - 50 marks
For Laboratory Courses, there shall be Continuous Internal Assessment Test and Record.
One test in Laboratory part, attendance and class participation.
The CIA for a maximum of 50 marks. The duration of each test shall be 3 hours
Methods of Evaluation Practical’s (The existing pattern will be followed)
Internal
Continuous Internal Assessment Test
50 Marks
Attendance and Class Participation
External
End Semester Examination
50 Marks
There is no improvement for CIA of both theory and laboratory, and, also for University End
Semester Examination.
*As per the final template received from the TANSCHE for PG Programmes Professional
Competency Course is not included for PG first semester – #MSU
Programme: M.Sc. Botany: Duration: 2 years
Programme outcomes (PO)
The M.Sc. Botany program is designed to achieve the following objectives
PO 1
To impart knowledge on the fundamental, advanced and emerging concepts in Botany.
PO 2
To provide up-to-date theoretical knowledge on various forms of plants, their
interactions with biotic and abiotic entities in the ecosystem and relevant practical
skills.
PO 3
To comprehend and interpret various facets of Botany including the importance and
judicious utilization of plant sources.
PO 4
To address various critical issues in conserving the biodiversity with special reference
to economically important plants and the plants listed in RED data.
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PO 5
To understand the principles and applications of various traditional and modern
techniques used in Botany.
PO 6
To disseminate knowledge on the design and execution of experiments in Botany with
emphasis on the operation of relevant sophisticated instruments.
PO 7
To impart knowledge on the economic importance of plant/microbial resources and
their products and to promote entrepreneurship skill.
PO 8
To promote proficiency in designing the research problems, review of literature,
laboratory experiments, data analyses and preparation of reports with professional
ethics.
PO 9
To motivate the students to take up innovative and cutting-edge research in frontier
areas of Botany and related biology subjects.
PO 10
To enable the students to take up various qualifying examinations concerning Botany
and to face the challenges in career opportunities.
Program Specific Outcomes (PSO)
On successful completion of the M.Sc. Botany program, the students are expected to
PSO1
Familiarize with the fundamental, advanced and emerging concepts in Botany.
PSO2
Understand the role of plants and their interactions with other organisms in various
ecosystems.
PSO3
Identify the potency of plant resources in contemporary research and visualize future
thrust areas in Botany.
PSO4
Design scientific experiments independently and to generate useful information to
address various issues in Botany.
PSO5
Acquire basic knowledge on principles and applications of laboratory instruments and
adequate skills to handle them.
PSO6
Choose and apply appropriate tools, techniques, resources, etc. To perform various
experiments in Botany.
PSO7
Carryout scientific experiments independently or in collaboration with inter-
disciplinary or multidisciplinary approaches.
PSO8
Disseminate knowledge on conservation of biodiversity and protection of environment.
PSO9
Awareness on the sustainable utilization of plant/microbial resources following the
bioethical norms.
PSO10
Demonstrate proficiency in communicating with various stakeholders like students,
teachers, scientists and society.
Template for P.G., Programmes – Botany 2023 – 2024
Semester–I
Credit
Hours
Semester-II
Credit
Hours
Semester-III
Credit
Hours
Semester–IV
Credit
Hours
1.1 Core-I
5
7
2.1 Core - V
4
5
3.1. Core-X
4
5
4.1 Core-XVI
5
5
1.2 Core-II
5
7
2.2 Core - VI
4
5
3.2 Core-XI
4
5
4.2 Core-XVII
5
5
1.3 Core III -
Laboratory
Course - 1
2
3
2.3 Core – VII
4
5
3.3 Core –XII
4
5
4.3 Core XVIII–
Laboratory
course- 7
2
2
1.4 Core IV –
Laboratory
Course - 2
2
3
2.4 Core VIII -
Laboratory
Course - 3
2
3
3.4 Core XIII
Laboratory
course- 5
2
2
4.4 Core XIX–
Laboratory
course- 8
2
2
1.5 Discipline
Centric
Elective - I
3
5
2.5 Core IX -
Laboratory
Course - 4
2
3
3.5 Core XIV
Laboratory
course- 6
2
2
4.5. Core - XX
Project with Viva
Voce
4
8
1.6 Generic
Centric
Elective - II
3
5
2.6 Discipline
Centric
Elective – III
2
3
3.6 Core –XV
4
5
4.6 Generic
Centric Elective –
VI
2
4
2.7 Generic
Centric
Elective - IV
2
3
3.7 Discipline
Centric
Elective – V
2
3
4.7 Skill
Enhancement
course III /
Professional
Competency Skill
2
4
2.8 SEC -I
2
3
3.8 SEC-II
2
3
4.8. Extension
Activity
1
-
3.9 Internship /
Field Visit /
Industrial Visit
/ Research
Knowledge
Updating
activity
2
-
20
30
22
30
26
30
23
30
Total Credit Points
91
Choice Based Credit System (CBCS), Learning Outcomes Based Curriculum Framework (LOCF) Guideline
Based Credits and Hours Distribution System for all Post – Graduate Courses including Lab Hours
First Year - Semester – I
Part
Courses
Credit
No. of Hours
1.1 Core-I
5
7
1.2 Core-II
5
7
1.3 Core III - Laboratory Course - 1
2
3
1.4 Core IV – Laboratory Course - 2
2
3
1.5 Elective - I
3
5
1.6 Elective - II
3
5
20
30
Semester - II
Part
Courses
Credit
No. of Hours
2.1. Core - V
4
5
2.2 Core - VI
4
5
2.3 Core – VII
4
5
2.4 Core VIII - Laboratory Course - 3
2
3
2.5 Core IX - Laboratory Course - 4
2
3
2.6 Elective – III
2
3
2.7 Elective IV
2
3
2.8 Skill Enhancement course I
2
3
22
30
Second Year – Semester - III
Part
Courses
Credit
No. of Hours
3.1. Core-X
4
5
3.2 Core-XI
4
5
3.3 Core –XII
4
5
3.4 Core XIII Laboratory course- 5
2
2
3.5 Core XIV Laboratory course- 6
2
2
3.6 Core –XV
4
5
3.7 Elective – V
2
3
3.8 Skill Enhancement course - II
2
3
3.9 Internship / Field Visit / Industrial Visit / Research
Knowledge Updating activity
2
-
26
30
Semester - IV
Part
Courses
Credit
No. of Hours
4.1 Core-XVI
5
5
4.2 Core-XVII
5
5
4.3 Core XVIII– Laboratory course - 7
2
2
4.4 Core XIX–Laboratory course - 8
2
2
4.5. Core – XX Project with Viva Voce
4
8
4.6 Elective – VI
2
4
4.7 Skill Enhancement course III /
Professional Competency Skill
2
4
4.8. Extension Activity
1
-
23
30
Total Credits for PG Courses
91
Credit Distribution for PG Programmes - Semester wise papers – Botany - 2023 – 2024
Course Name
Lecture &
Tutorial
Hours
Per week
Credits
1 contact hour =
1 credit
SEMESTER 1
CORE
Core I Plant Diversity - I: Algae, Fungi,
Lichens and Bryophytes
7
5
Core II Plant Diversity - II: Pteridophytes,
Gymnosperms and Paleobotany
7
5
Core III - Laboratory Course - 1:
Covering Core Paper - I
3
2
Core IV – Laboratory Course – 2
Covering Core Paper - II
3
2
Elective I
(Generic
Discipline-
Centric)
EG1: (One from each Group A)
1. Microbiology, immunology and plant
pathology
5
3
2. Conservation of natural resources and
policies
3. Mushroom cultivation
4. Phytopharmacognosy
Elective II
(Generic
Discipline-
Centric)
ED1: (One from each Group B)
1. Algal Technology
5
3
2. Ethnobotany, naturopathy and Traditional
Healthcare
3. Horticulture
4. Herbal Technology
Total
30
20
SEMESTER 2
CORE
Core V Taxonomy of Angiosperms and
Economic Botany
5
4
Core VI Plant Anatomy and Embryology of
Angiosperms
5
4
Core VII Ecology, phytogeography,
Conservation Biology and Intellectual
5
4
property rights
Core VIII - Laboratory course - 3
Covering Core Paper V
3
2
Core IX - Laboratory course – 4
Covering Core Papers VI and VII
3
2
Elective III
(Generic
Discipline-
Centric)
EG2: (One from each Group C)
1.. Medicinal Botany (or)
3
2
2. Phytochemistry
3. Research methodology, computer
applications & bioinformatics
4. Biopesticide Technology (4)
Elective IV
(Generic
Discipline-
Centric)
ED2: (One from each Group D)
1. Applied bioinformatics
2. Biostatistics
3. Intellectual Property Rights
4. Nanobiotechnology (4)
3
2
Skill
Enhancement
Course I
SEC1 Agriculture and Food Microbiology
3
2
Total
30
22
SEMESTER 3
CORE
Core X - Cell and Molecular Biology
5
4
Core XI - Genetics, Plant Breeding &
Biostatistics
5
4
Core XII - Recombinant DNA technology and
industrial applications
5
4
Core XIII - Laboratory course - 5
Covering Core Papers X and XII
2
2
Core XIV- Laboratory course - 6
Covering Core Paper XI
2
2
Industry
Module
Core –XV Industrial Botany:
5
4
Elective V
(Generic
Discipline-
Centric)
EG3: (One from Group E)
1.. Secondary Plant Products and
Fermentation Biotechnology
2. Entrepreneurial Opportunities in Botany
3. Applied plant cell & tissue culture
3
2
4. Silviculture and Commercial Landscaping
Skill
Enhancement
Course II
SEC2 Seminar paper (Open Choice)
Professional Communication Skill (2)
3
2
Internship / Field Visit / Industrial Visit /
Research Knowledge Updating activity
-
2
Total
30
26
SEMESTER 4
CORE
Core XVI Plant Physiology and Plant
metabolism
5
5
Core XVII Biochemistry & Applied
Biotechnology
5
5
Core XVIII– Laboratory course – 7
Covering Core Paper XVI
2
2
Core XIX–Laboratory course- 8
Covering Core Paper XVII
2
2
Project
Core – XX Project with Viva Voce
8
4
Elective VI
(Generic
Discipline -
Centric)
EG3 (One from Group F)
1. Organic farming
2. Forestry and Wood Technology
3. Gene Cloning and Gene Therapy
4. Farm Sciences- Green Wealth
4
2
Professional
Competency /
Skill
Enhancement
Course III
SEC3
1. Botany for competitive examinations
(NET/UGCSIR/SET/TRB/UPSC/TNPSC/
other competitive examinations)
2. Botany for Advanced Research
3. Naan Mudhalvan Scheme
4
2
Extension Activity
-
1
Total
30
23
Total Credits
-
91
Page 11 of 91
II YEAR – III SEMESTER
CORE X - CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
Title of the Course
CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
Paper Number
CORE X
Category
Core
Year
II
Credits
4
Course Code
Semester
III
Instructional Hours
Per week
Lecture
Tutorial
Lab Practice
Total
3
2
-
5
Pre-requisite
To acquire knowledge on cell and expose the students a fundamental
of the various techniques used in molecular studies.
Learning Objectives
1. Enable to learn various cell structures and functions of
prokaryotes and eukaryotes and understand the salient features
and functions of cellular organelles.
2. To understand the cell division and it molecular mechanism so as
to appreciate and manipulate normal and abnormal cell and tissue
growth.
3. To enlighten people of past molecular biology developments.
4. To comprehend the molecular processes.
5. A thorough examination of DNA structure, replication process,
transcription process and translation processes.
UNIT
CONTENTS
I
Concept of prokaryote and eukaryote cell. Cell Theory, Structural organization of
plant cell, specialized plant cell types. Cell wall- Structure and functions, Plasma
membrane; structure, models and functions, site for ATPase, ion carriers channels
and pumps, receptors. Plasmodesmata and its role in movement of molecule.
II
Chloroplast-structure and function, genome organization, gene expression, RNA
editing, Mitochondria; structure, genome organization, biogenesis. Plant Vacuole -
tonoplast membrane, ATPases transporters as a storage organelle. Structure and
function of other cell organelles- Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, endoplasmic
reticulum and microbodies.
III
Nucleus: Structure and function, nuclear pore, Nucleosome organization,
euchromatin and heterochromatin. Ribosome- Structure and functional
significance. RNA and DNA structure. A, B and Z forms. Cell cycle and
Apoptosis; Control mechanisms, role of cyclin dependent kinases. Retinoblastoma
and E2F proteins, cytokinesis and cell plate formation, mechanisms of
programmed cell death.
IV
DNA replication (prokaryotes and eukaryotes), enzymes involved in replication,
DNA damage and repair (Thymine dimer, photoreactivation, excision repair),
DNA sequencing: definition, Sanger sequencing - Transcription, enzymes
involved in transcription, post transcription changes, reverse transcription,
Translation, overlapping genes.
Genetic code and its characteristics, Wobble hypothesis; Central dogma –
Page 12 of 91
V
Mutation types- frame shift mutation, addition, deletion, substitution, transition
and transversion, germinal verses somatic mutants. Molecular basis of mutations;
Chromosomal aberrations: aneuploidy - autopolyploidy and allopolyploidy; with
example. Structural aberrations of chromosomes. Giant chromosomes - Polytene
and Lampbrush chromosomes. Differential staining of the chromosomes- Q-
banding, G banding, C banding, R banding: In situ hybridization-FISH and GISH:
Course
outcomes
On completion of this course, the students will be able to:
Programme
outcomes
CO1
Recall a plant cell structure and explain its function.
K1
CO2
Illustrate and explain the structure of various cell organelles.
K2
CO3
Explain the structure and functional significance of nucleic acid.
K3
CO4
Compare and contrast the DNA replication (prokaryotes and
eukaryotes), enzymes involved in replication, DNA repair
K4
CO5
Discuss and develop skills for DNA/gene manipulating and the
enzymes involved.
K5 & K6
Extended Professional Component (is a part
of internal component only, Not to be
included in the External Examination
Question paper)
Questions related to the above topics, from
various competitive examinations
UPSC/TRB/NET/UGC–
CSIR/GATE/TNPSC/others to be solved (To
be discussed during the Tutorial hour)
Skills acquired from this
course
Knowledge, Problem Solving, Analytical
ability, Professional Competency, Professional
Communication and Transferrable Skill
Recommended Text:
1. Roy, S.C and Kumar, K.D.C. 1977. Cell Biology, New Central Book Agency, Calcutta.
2. Karp, G. 2010.Cell and Molecular Biology: Concepts and Experiments.6
th
edition. John
Wiley& Sons.
3. Aminul, I. 2011. Text Book of Cell Biology. Books and Allied (P) Ltd, Kolkata, India.
4. Geoffrey M. Cooper. 2019. The Cell: A Molecular Approach, Oxford University Press.
5. Turner, P.C., Mclenann, A.G., Bates, A.D. and White, M.R.H. 2001. Instant notes on
molecular biology.
6. Watson, J.D, Baker T.A., Bell S.P., Gann A., Levine M., Losick R. 2014. Molecular
Biology of the Gene (7
th
edition), Pearson Press.
7. Snustad Peter, D. Michael J. Simmons. 2015. Principles of Genetics, John Wiley Sons.
8. Clark, D. 2010. Molecular Biology. Academic Press Publication.
9. David Freifelder. 2008. Essentials of Molecular Biology. Narosa Publishing house. New
Delhi.
10. Geoffrey M. Cooper and Robert E. Hausman. 2015. The Cell: A Molecular Approach. 7
th
edn. Sinauer Associates is an imprint of Oxford University Press.
Reference Books:
1. Alberts B., Bray, D., Lewis, J., Raff, M., Roberts, K. and Watson, J. D. 1989. Molecular
biology of the Cell (2nd edition). Garland Pub. Inc., New York.
2. Karp, G. 1999. Cells and Molecular Biology: Concepts & Experiments. John Wiley and
Sons, Inc., USA.
3. Lodish S, Baltimore B, Berk, C and Lawrence K, 1995, Molecular Cell Biology, 3
rd
edn,
Scientific American Books, N.Y
Page 13 of 91
4. De Robertis and De Robertis, 1988, Cell and Molecular Biology, 8
th
edn, Info-Med,
Hongkong.
5. Lewin, B. 2000. GENE VII. Oxford University Press, New York, USA 7. Cooper G M and
Hausman R E, 2007, The Cell: Molecular Approach 4
th
Edn, Sinauer Associates, USA.
6. Genes X– Benjamin Lewin, Jones and Bartlett, 2011 4. Molecular Biology of the Cell –
Alberts, B, Bray, D, Raff, M, Roberts, K and Watson JD, Garland Publishers, 1999
7. Principles of Biochemistry – Lehninger, W.H. Freeman and Company, 2002
Web Resources
1. https://www.pdfdrive.com/cell-biology-books.html
2. http://www.bio-nica.info/Biblioteca/Bolsover2004CellBiology.pdf
3. https://www.e-booksdirectory.com/listing.php?category=549
4. https://www.elsevier.com/books/molecular-biology/clark/978-0-12-813288-3
https://www.kobo.com/in/en/ebooks/molecular-biology
Mapping with Programme Outcomes:
COs
PO1
PO2
PO3
PO4
PO5
PSO1
PSO2
PSO3
PSO4
PSO5
CO1
3
3
1
3
2
1
2
2
2
1
CO2
3
3
2
2
3
3
2
3
3
3
CO3
2
2
3
3
1
3
2
3
1
2
CO4
3
3
3
3
3
2
3
3
3
2
CO5
3
3
2
3
2
3
3
3
2
3
S - Strong (3) M - Medium (2) L – Low (1)
Page 14 of 91
CORE XI - GENETICS, PLANT BREEDING & BIOSTATISTICS
Title of the Course
GENETICS, PLANT BREEDING &BIOSTATISTICS
Paper Number
CORE XI
Category
Core
Year
II
Credits
4
Course Code
Semester
III
Instructional Hours
Per week
Lecture
Tutorial
Lab Practice
Total
3
2
-
5
Pre-requisite
To acquire knowledge on genetic traits and plant breeding
techniques for crop improvement.
Learning Objectives
1. The students will be able to have conceptual understanding of
laws of inheritance, genetic basis of loci and alleles and their
linkage.
2. Develop critical understanding of chemical basis of genes
and their interactions at population and evolutionary
levels.
3. Familiarize with genetic basis of heterosis.
4. Reflect upon the role of various non-conventional methods
used in crop improvement.
5. Solve problems quantitatively using appropriate arithmetical,
algebraic, or statistical methods
UNIT
CONTENTS
I
Mendal’s Law of inheritance. Gene interactions and modified dihybrid ratios
(Epistasis, duplicate genes, complementary genes, supplementary genes. lethal
genes, incomplete dominance). Polygenic Inheritance. Sex determination in
plants and theories of sex determination. Sex linked characters. Structure and
function of Gene, Operon, inducible operon, Operator site, Promoter,
Polycistronic mRNA, Regulator, repressor, inducer. Regulation in prokaryotes
with reference to Lac operon and trp operon. Producer gene, structural gene and
integrator gene. Gene Regulation eukaryotes – Britten and Davidson model,
Arabidopsis - gene regulation in flowering.
II
Recombination: Homologous and non-homologous recombination, site-specific
recombination. Holiday model of recombination. Transposable genetic elements:
Ac element, transposase, transposon, Is element. Transposons in Zea mays.
Transposable elements in prokaryotes. UV induced mutation and its repair
mechanism. Mutagenesis - site directed mutagenesis, transposon mutagenesis,
insertional mutagenesis. Mismatch DNA repair mechanism.
III
ABO blood group in humans. Gene mapping methods: Linkage maps, tetrad
analysis, mapping with molecular markers. Extra-chromosomal inheritance -
Chloroplast Inheritance. Organelle genomes: Organization and functions of
chloroplast and mitochondrial DNA.
IV
PLANT BREEDING:
Objectives of plant breeding, characteristics improved by plant breeding, Plant
introduction, Genetic basis of breeding self and cross – pollinated crops. Pure
line theory, pure line, mass and clonal selection methods. Hybridization – steps
Page 15 of 91
and types, Genetics and physiological basis of heterosis. Mutation breeding -
important varieties produced.
V
BIOSTATISTICS:
Measures of central tendency (Mean, Median, Mode) and dispersal (Mean
deviation, standard deviation), standard errors ANOVA (One way). probability
distributions (Binomial, Poisson and normal); difference between parametric and
non-parametric statistics; confidence interval; errors; levels of significance;
regression and correlation; t-test; analysis of variance; Chi-square test.
Course
outcomes
On completion of this course, the students will be able to:
Programme
outcomes
CO1
Understand the Mendal’s Law of inheritance and gene
interactions
K1
CO2
Analyze the various factors determining the heredity from one
generation to another.
K2
CO3
Explain Gene mapping methods: Linkage maps.
K3
CO4
Compare and contrast the genetic basis of breeding self- and
cross-pollinated crops.
K4
CO5
Discuss and develop skills for statistical analysis of biological
problems.
K5 & K6
Extended Professional Component (is a part
of internal component only, Not to be
included in the External Examination
Question paper)
Questions related to the above topics, from
various competitive examinations
UPSC/TRB/NET/UGC–
CSIR/GATE/TNPSC/others to be solved (To
be discussed during the Tutorial hour)
Skills acquired from this
course
Knowledge, Problem Solving, Analytical
ability, Professional Competency,
Professional Communication and
Transferrable Skill
Recommended Text:
1. Benjamin, A. Pierce. 2012. Genetics- A conceptual Approach. W.H. Freeman and
Company, New York, England.
2. Stansfield, W.D. 1969. Theory and problems of Genetics. McGraw-Hill
3. Sinnott, E.W.Dunn, L.E and Dobzhansky, T. 1973. Principles of Genetics. McGraw-
Hill.New York.
4. Chaudhari, H.K.1984. Elementary Principles of Plant Breeding. Oxford & IBH Publishing
Company.
5. Brown, T.A. 1992. Genetics a Molecular Approach, 2nd Ed. Chapman and Hall.
6. Chahal, G.S and Gosal, S.S. 2018. Principles and Procedures of Plant Breeding
Biotechnological and Conventional Approaches, Narosa Publishing House, New Delhi.
7. Singh, B.D. 2013. Plant Breeding: Principles and Methods, Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi
8. Singh, P. 2017. Fundamentals of Plant Breeding, Kalyani Publishers.
9. Chaudhary, R.C. 2017. Introductory principles of plant breeding, Oxford IBH Publishers,
New Delhi.
10. Gupta, P.K. 2009. Genetics. Rastogi publications, Meerut, New Delhi.
11. Gupta, S.C. 2013. Fundamentals of statistics, Himalaya Publishers, Mumbai.
12. Kothari, C.R and Garg, G. 2014. Research methodology –Method and techniques. New
Page 16 of 91
Age International (P) Ltd. New Delhi.
13. Gurumani, N. 2005. Biostatistics, 2
nd
edn. MJP publications, India.
Reference Books:
1. Watson, J.D. et al. 2003. Molecular Biology of the Gene. Fourth Edition.
TheBenjamin Cummings Pub. Co.
2. Lewin, B. 2003. Genes VIII. Oxford University Press.
3. Friefelder, D. 2005. Molecular Biology. Second Edition. Narosa Pub. House.
4. Sobtir. C. and Gobe. 1991. Eukaryotic chromosomes. Narosa Publishing house.
8. Smith-Keary, P. 1991. Molecular Genetics. Macmillan Pub. Co. Ltd.London.
9. Acquaah, G.2007. Principles of Plant Genetics and Breeding. Blackwell Publishing.
10. William. S., Klug and Michael, R. Cummings, 2003. Concepts of Genetics. Seventh
edition. Pearson Education (Singapore) Pvt. Ltd.
11. Simmonds, N.W. 1979. Principles of Crop improvement. Longman, London.
12. Lewin, B. 2000. Genes VII, Oxford University Press, USA.
13. Strickberger, M.W. 2005. Genetics (III Ed). Prentice Hall, New Delhi, India.
14. Allard, R.W. 2010. Principles of Plant Breeding. 2 nd ed. John Wiley and Sons, Inc.
New Jersey, US.
15. Pillai, R.S.N and Bagawathi, V. 1987. Practical Statistics (For B.Com. and B.A.,
Students) S. Chand & Co. (Pvt.) Ltd., New York.
16. Sobl. R.R and Rohif, F.J. 1969. Biometry. The principles and Practice and Statistics in
Biological Research. W.H. Freman and Co., San Francisco.
17. Zar, J.K. 2011. Biostatistical Analysis, Fourth Edition, Prantice-Hall International,
New Jersey, USA.
Web Resources
1. https://www.cdc.gov/genomics/about/basics.htm
2. https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/biology/7-03-genetics-fall-2004/lecture-notes/
3. http://galaxy.ustc.edu.cn:30803/zhangwen/Biostatistics/Fundamentals+of
+Biostatistics+8th+edition.pdf
4. https://www.britannica.com/science/evolution-scientific-theory
5. https://www.britannica.com/science/cell-biology
https://medlineplus.gov/genetocs/understanding/basics/cell/
Mapping with Programme Outcomes:
COs
PO1
PO2
PO3
PO4
PO5
PSO1
PSO2
PSO3
PSO4
PSO5
CO1
3
1
1
3
2
1
2
2
2
1
CO2
3
3
2
2
3
3
2
3
3
3
CO3
2
2
3
3
1
3
1
3
1
2
CO4
3
3
3
3
3
2
3
3
3
2
CO5
3
3
2
3
2
3
3
3
2
3
S - Strong (3) M - Medium (2) L – Low (1)
Page 17 of 91
CORE XII - RECOMBINANT DNA TECHNOLOGY AND INDUSTRIAL
APPLICATIONS
Title of the Course
RECOMBINANT DNA TECHNOLOGY AND INDUSTRIAL
APPLICATIONS
Paper Number
CORE XII
Category
Core
Year
II
Credits
4
Course Code
Semester
III
Instructional Hours
Per week
Lecture
Tutorial
Lab Practice
Total
3
2
-
5
Pre-requisite
To acquire knowledge on genetic traits and plant breeding techniques
for crop improvement.
Learning Objectives
To understand the basis of genes and their interactions at population
and evolutionary levels.
Students should be familiar with the basics of genetics and molecular
biology.
To develop critical understanding of chemical basis of genes and
their interactions at population and evolutionary levels.
To learn the applied aspects of molecular biology and recombination
technology, gene insertion and production of recombined new plants.
To impart knowledge that leads to comprehensive understanding of the
principles, tools and practices of rDNA technology.
UNIT
CONTENTS
I
Recombinant DNA technology – Enzymes, vectors – properties and types, direct
and indirect gene transfer. Detection of recombinants - Production of cloned gene
products from GMO. Bioassay for target gene effect. Transfection.
II
Genome sequencing, Genome editing and CRISPR-Cas9, RNA interference,
Genome library, cDNA library. Isolation of genomic and plasmid DNA -
Transformation and recovery of plasmid clones - Preparation of competent E. coli
cells. Agarose gel electrophoresis. Nucleic acid hybridization - Blotting techniques
types.
III
Vitamin-C is produced on a large scale from Saccharomyces cerevisiae and
Zygosaccharomyces bailii yeast and Gluconobacter oxydans bacteria.
Production of antibiotic medicines: Human Deoxyribonuclease I, β-
Glucocerebrosidase, L-Asparaginase, Deoxycytidine kinase
Anti-bacterial molecules produced by microbes -Penicillins, tetracyclines
produced from fungi and bacteria.
IV
Production of recombinant hormones: insulin (somatotrophin), erythropoietin -
uses. Production of Hepatitis B vaccine, Interferons, anticancer drugs - uses;
Interferon-alfa - hairy cell leukemia. Interferon-Beta-1b - role in treating relapsing
multiple sclerosis and melanoma.
V
rDNA technology uses in animal husbandry and sericulture: milk production in
cattle, cheese ripening, and reduction of lactose levels. Fungal α-amylase, silk
production in sericulture. Production of Vitamin B12 produced by recombinant
bacteria like Paracoccus denitrificans, Propionibacterium shermanii, E. coli
Page 18 of 91
bacteria on a large scale by fermentation.
Course
outcomes
On completion of this course, the students will be able to:
Programme
outcomes
CO1
Understand the basics of recombinant DNA technology
K1
CO2
Demonstrate and to recollect the production of vitamins
K2
CO3
Analyze the production of antibiotics.
K3
CO4
Compare and contrast the recombined organism and natural
organisms.
K4
CO5
Create and develop skills for rDNA techniques and in producing
hybrids varieties.
K5 & K6
Extended Professional Component (is a part
of internal component only, Not to be
included in the External Examination
Question paper)
Questions related to the above topics, from
various competitive examinations
UPSC/TRB/NET/UGC–
CSIR/GATE/TNPSC/others to be solved (To be
discussed during the Tutorial hour)
Skills acquired from this
course
Knowledge, Problem Solving, Analytical ability,
Professional Competency, Professional
Communication and Transferrable Skill
Recommended Text:
1. Neal Stewart, Jr. 2008. Plant Biotechnology and Genetics: Principles, Techniques and
Applications. John Wiley & sons Inc.
2. Smith. J.K. 1996. Biotechnology – 3 rd Ed. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge.
3. Khan. I.A. and A. Khanum .2004. Fundamentals of Biotechnology – Forensic Science Genetic
Engineering. Ukaaz publication, Hyderabad.
4. Mba, C., Afza, R., Bado, S., and Jain, S.M. 2010. Plant Cell Culture: Essential Methods, John
Wiley & Sons, UK.
5. Abdin, M.Z., Kiran, U., Kamaluddin, M., Ali, A. (Eds.). 2017. Plant Biotechnology: Principles
and Applications, Springer publishers.
Reference Books:
1. Watson, J.D. et al. 2003. Molecular Biology of the Gene. Fourth Edition. The
Benjamin Cummings Pub. Co.
2. Lewin, B. 2003. Genes VIII. Oxford University Press.
3. Friefelder, D. 2005. Molecular Biology. Second Edition. Narosa Pub. House.
4. Sobtir. C. and Gobe. 1991. Eukaryotic chromosomes. Narosa Publishing house.
5. Smith-Keary, P. 1991. Molecular Genetics. Macmillan Pub. Co. Ltd. London
Web Resources
1. https://www.nature.com/scitable/topic/cell-biology
2. https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/molecular-biology/
3.https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/biochemistry-genetics-and-molecular-biology/
bioinformatics
4. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/book/10.1002/9780470686522
Mapping with Programme Outcomes:
Page 19 of 91
COs
PO1
PO2
PO3
PO4
PO5
PSO1
PSO2
PSO3
PSO4
PSO5
CO1
3
3
1
3
2
1
3
2
1
2
CO2
3
2
2
2
3
3
2
3
3
2
CO3
2
2
3
3
1
2
1
3
2
1
CO4
3
3
3
3
3
2
3
3
2
3
CO5
3
3
2
3
2
2
3
3
2
2
S - Strong (3) M - Medium (2) L – Low (1)
Page 20 of 91
CORE XIII - LABORATORY COURSE - 5
Title of the Course
LABORATORY COURSE- 5
COVERING CORE PAPERS X AND XII
Paper Number
CORE XIII
Category
Core
Year
II
Credits
2
Course Code
Semester
III
Instructional Hours
Per week
Lecture
Tutorial
Lab Practice
Total
-
-
2
2
Pre-requisite
Practical’s pertaining to above subjects are important to get knowledge
on overall cell structure, cellular organelles and staining procedures
and fundamental principles of rDNA technology
Learning Objectives
1. Observe the different stages of mitosis and chromosome
behaviour and organization during various stages and to learn
staining techniques of various plant tissues.
2. Understand the electron microscopic structure of cell organelles
3. Expose the students to gain recent advances in molecular biology.
4. Students able to differentiate the cell structure
5. Understand the principles of rDNA techniques.
UNIT
EXPERIMENTS
I
CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
1. Identification of different stages of mitosis from suitable plant material. (Onion
root tips).
2. Identification of meiosis from suitable plant material (floral buds).
3. Acetocarmine staining (Nucleus) and light microscopic observation (Chloroplast)
II
4. Study of mitotic index from suitable plant material.
5. Study of cyclosis in cells of suitable plant material.
6. Measure the length and breadth of the stomata/trichome by using micrometer.
III
7. Study on Electron microscopic structure of cell organelles given in the syllabus
8. Comparative study of cell structure in onion cells, Hydrilla and Spirogyra.
9. Study of models on DNA and RNA, DNA replication structures,
IV
rDNA TECHNOLOGY
1. Isolation of genomic DNA
2. Isolation of plasmid DNA
3. Agarose Electrophoresis
4. Transformation and recovery of plasmid clones
V
rDNA TECHNOLOGY (spotters)
1. pBR 322, Ti Plasmid, cosmid
2. Microinjection, Electroporation, Liposome mediated gene transfer, gene gun
3. Blotting technique (Southern blot, Northern blot and Western blot)
Course
outcomes
On completion of this course, the students will be able to:
Programme
outcomes
CO1
Recall or remember the various aspects of cell biology, molecular
biology, and r-DNA technology.
K1
Page 21 of 91
CO2
Understand various concepts of cell biology, and molecular
biology.
K2
CO3
Apply the theory knowledge gained into practical mode in order to
acquire applied knowledge by day-to-day hands-on experiences
K3
CO4
Analyze or interpret the results achieved in practical session in the
context of existing theory and knowledge.
K4
CO5
Evaluate the theory and practical skills gained during the course.
K5 & K6
Extended Professional Component (is a part of
internal component only, Not to be included in
the External Examination
Question paper)
Questions related to the above topics, from
various competitive examinations UPSC / TRB
/NET/UGC–CSIR/GATE/TNPSC/others to be
solved (To be discussed during the Tutorial
hour)
Skills acquired from this
course
Knowledge, Problem Solving, Analytical
ability, Professional Competency, Professional
Communication and Transferrable Skill
Recommended Text:
1. George M Malacinski. 2015. Freifelders Essentials of Molecular Biology (4th ed.). Jones
& Bartlett.
2. Gupta P.K. 2017. Cell and Molecular Biology (5th ed.), Rastogi Publications, Meerut.
3. Gupta, P.K. 2018. Cytogenetics, Rastogi Publications, Meerut.
4. Kumar, H.D. 2007. Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Vikas Publishing House, New
Delhi.
5. Bharadwaj, D.N. 2012. Breeding of field crops (pp. 1-23). Agrobios (India).
6. Singh, R.J. 2016. Plant Cytogenetics. CRC press, US.
7. Jackson, S.A., Kianian, S.F., Hossain, K.G and Walling, J.G. 2012. Practical laboratory
exercises for plant molecular cytogenetics. In Plant Cytogenetics (pp. 323-333). Springer,
New York.
8. Shivakumar, S. 2002. Molecular analysis: Laboratory Manual. University press, Palkalai
nagar, Madurai, India.
Reference Books:
1. Gardener, J, Simmons, H.J and Snustad, D.P. 2006. Principle of Genetics, John Wiley & Sons,
New York.
2. De Robertis E.D.P. and De Robertis E.M.P. 2017. Cell and Molecular Biology (8thed.) (South
Asian Edition), Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia, USA.
3. Jackson, S.A., Kianian, S.F., Hossain, K.G., and Walling, J. G. 2012. Practical laboratory
exercises for plant molecular cytogenetics. In Plant Cytogenetics (pp. 323-333). Springer,
New York, NY.
4. Glick, B.R and J.E. Thompson. 1993. Methods in Plant Molecular Biology and
Biotechnology. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida.
5. Glover, D.M and B.D. Hames (Eds). 1995. DNA cloning 1: A Practical Approach; Core
Techniques, 2nd edition PAS, IRL press at Oxford University Press, Oxford.
6. Gunning, B.E.S and M. W. Steer. 1996. Plant Cell Biology: Structure and function. Jones and
Bartlett Publishers, Boston, Massachusetts.
7. Hackett, P.B. and J.A. Fuchs, J.W. Messing. 1988. An Introduction to Recombinant DNA
Techniques: Basic Experiments in Gene Manipulation. The Benjamin/ Cummings Publishing
Page 22 of 91
Co., Inc Menlo Park, California. 8. Hall, RD. (Ed).1999. Plant Cell Culture Protocols. Humana
Press, New Jersey.
8. Harris, N and K.J. Oparka. 1994. Plant cell Biology: A Practical Approach. IRL Press, At
Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.
9. Gelvin, S.B., Schilperoort, R.A. (Eds.). 2000. Plant Molecualr Biology Manual.
10. Henry, RJ. 1997. Practical applications of plant molecular biology, Chapman & Hall, London.
11. Krebs, J.E., Goldstein E.S. and Kilpatrick S.T. 2017. Lewin's GENES XII (12thed.). Jones &
Bartlett Learning.
Web Resources
1. https://www.madrasshoppe.com/cell-biology-practical-manual-dr-renu-gupta-
9788193651223-200674.html
2. https://www.bjcancer.org/Sites_OldFiles/_Library/UserFiles/pdf/Cell_Biology_Laboratory_M
anual.pdf
3. https://www.kopykitab.com/Genetics-With-Practicals-by-Prof-S-S-Patole-Dr-V-R-Borane-Dr-
R-K-Petare
4. https://www.kopykitab.com/Practical-Plant-Breeding-by-Gupta-S-k
5. https://www.kopykitab.com/Cell-And-Molecular-Biology-A-Lab-Manual-by-K-V-Chaitanya
6. https://www.amazon.in/Plant-Tissue-Culture-Theory-Practicals/dp/9386347350
Mapping with Programme Outcomes:
COs
PO1
PO2
PO3
PO4
PO5
PSO1
PSO2
PSO3
PSO4
PSO5
CO1
3
3
1
3
2
1
2
2
2
1
CO2
3
3
2
2
3
3
2
3
3
3
CO3
2
2
3
3
1
2
1
3
1
2
CO4
3
3
3
3
3
2
3
3
3
2
CO5
3
3
2
3
2
3
3
3
2
3
S - Strong (3) M - Medium (2) L – Low (1)
Page 23 of 91
CORE XIV - LABORATORY COURSE - 6
Title of the Course
LABORATORY COURSE- 6
COVERING CORE PAPER XI
Paper Number
CORE XIV
Category
Core
Year
II
Credits
2
Course Code
Semester
III
Instructional Hours
Per week
Lecture
Tutorial
Lab Practice
Total
-
-
2
2
Pre-requisite
Practicals pertaining to above subjects are important to get knowledge
on overall fundamental principles of genetics and plant breeding.
Learning Objectives
2. Observe the problem-solving skills in Genetics and Biostatistics.
2. Explain the principles of linkage, crossing over and the hereditary
mechanisms.
3. Expose the students to Chromosome mapping.
6. Understand the principles of plant breeding to apply crop
improvement programmes
7. Understand the biostatistics problems.
UNIT
EXPERIMENTS
I
1. Problem solving on dihybrid phenotypic, genotypic and test cross ratios.
2. Problem solving on incomplete dominance.
3. Modified dihybrid ratio problems based on the theory syllabus.
II
4. Problems on Multiple alleles in plants, blood group inheritance in human.
5. Problems on Sex linked inheritance in Drosophila and plants.
III
7. Chromosome mapping from three-point test cross data. Calculation of chiasmatic
interference.
IV
PLANT BREEDING
Plant Breeder’s kit, Emasculation, Bagging
Study of Floral Structure, Emasculation and Hybridization technique in cross
pollinated and self-pollinated crops (availability of the specimens).
V
BIOSTATISTICS
Measures of central tendency (Mean, Median, Mode)
Measures of dispersal - standard deviation & standard errors
t-test and Chi-square test
Course
outcomes
On completion of this course, the students will be able to:
Programme
outcomes
CO1
Recall or remember the various aspects of cell biology, genetics,
molecular biology, plant breeding and tissue culture.
K1
CO2
Understand various concepts of cell biology, genetics, plant
breeding and tissue culture.
K2
CO3
Apply the theory knowledge gained into practical mode in order to
acquire applied knowledge by day-to-day hands-on experiences
K3
CO4
Analyze or interpret the results achieved in practical session in the
context ofexisting theory and knowledge.
K4
Page 24 of 91
CO5
Evaluate the theory and practical skills gained during the course.
K5 & K6
Extended Professional Component (is a part of
internal component only, Not to be included in
the External Examination
Question paper)
Questions related to the above topics, from
various competitive examinations
UPSC/TRB/NET/UGC–
CSIR/GATE/TNPSC/others to be solved (To
be discussed during the Tutorial hour)
Skills acquired from this
course
Knowledge, Problem Solving, Analytical
ability, Professional Competency, Professional
Communication and Transferrable Skill
Recommended Text:
1. George M Malacinski. 2015. Freifelders Essentials of Molecular Biology (4th ed.). Jones
& Bartlett.
2. Gupta P.K. 2017. Cell and Molecular Biology (5
th
ed.), Rastogi Publications, Meerut.
3. Gupta, P.K. 2018. Cytogenetics, Rastogi Publications, Meerut.
4. Kumar, H.D. 2007. Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Vikas Publishing House, New
Delhi.
5. Bharadwaj, D.N. 2012. Breeding of field crops (pp. 1-23). Agrobios (India).
6. Singh, R.J. 2016. Plant Cytogenetics. CRC press, US.
7. Jackson, S.A., Kianian, S.F., Hossain, K.G and Walling, J.G. 2012. Practical laboratory
exercises for plant molecular cytogenetics. In Plant Cytogenetics (pp. 323-333). Springer,
New York.
8. Shivakumar, S. 2002. Molecular analysis: Laboratory Manual. University press, Palkalai
nagar, Madurai, India.
Reference Books:
1. Gardener, J, Simmons, H.J and Snustad, D.P. 2006. Principle of Genetics, John Wiley &
Sons, New York.
2. De Robertis E.D.P. and De Robertis E.M.P. 2017. Cell and Molecular Biology (8thed.)
(South Asian Edition), Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia, USA.
3. Jackson, S.A., Kianian, S.F., Hossain, K.G., and Walling, J. G. 2012. Practical laboratory
exercises for plant molecular cytogenetics. In Plant Cytogenetics (pp. 323-333). Springer,
New York, NY.
4. Glick, B.R and J.E. Thompson. 1993. Methods in Plant Molecular Biology and
Biotechnology. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida.
5. Glover, D.M and B.D. Hames (Eds). 1995. DNA cloning 1: A Practical Approach; Core
Techniques, 2nd edition PAS, IRL press at Oxford University Press, Oxford.
6. Gunning, B.E.S and M. W. Steer. 1996. Plant Cell Biology: Structure and function. Jones
and Bartlett Publishers, Boston, Massachusetts.
7. Hackett, P.B. and J.A. Fuchs, J.W. Messing. 1988. An Introduction to Recombinant DNA
Techniques: Basic Experiments in Gene Manipulation. The Benjamin/ Cummings
Publishing Co., Inc Menlo Park, California. 8. Hall, RD. (Ed).1999. Plant Cell Culture
Protocols. Humana Press, New Jersey.
8. Harris, N and K.J. Oparka. 1994. Plant cell Biology: A Practical Approach. IRL Press, At
Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.
9. Gelvin, S.B., Schilperoort, R.A. (Eds.). 2000. Plant Molecualr Biology Manual.
10. Henry, RJ. 1997. Practical applications of plant molecular biology, Chapman & Hall,
London.
Page 25 of 91
11. Krebs, J.E., Goldstein E.S. and Kilpatrick S.T. 2017. Lewin's GENES XII (12thed.). Jones
& Bartlett Learning.
Web Resources
1. https://www.madrasshoppe.com/cell-biology-practical-manual-dr-renu-gupta-
9788193651223-200674.html
2. https://www.bjcancer.org/Sites_OldFiles/_Library/UserFiles/pdf/Cell_Biology_Laboratory_M
anual.pdf
3. https://www.kopykitab.com/Genetics-With-Practicals-by-Prof-S-S-Patole-Dr-V-R-Borane-Dr-
R-K-Petare
4. https://www.kopykitab.com/Practical-Plant-Breeding-by-Gupta-S-k
5. https://www.kopykitab.com/Cell-And-Molecular-Biology-A-Lab-Manual-by-K-V-Chaitanya
6. https://www.amazon.in/Plant-Tissue-Culture-Theory-Practicals/dp/9386347350
Mapping with Programme Outcomes:
COs
PO1
PO2
PO3
PO4
PO5
PSO1
PSO2
PSO3
PSO4
PSO5
CO1
3
3
1
3
2
1
2
2
2
1
CO2
3
3
2
2
3
3
2
3
3
3
CO3
2
2
3
3
1
2
1
3
1
2
CO4
3
3
3
3
3
2
3
3
3
2
CO5
3
3
2
3
2
3
3
3
2
3
S - Strong (3) M - Medium (2) L – Low (1)
Page 26 of 91
CORE XV- INDUSTRIAL BOTANY
Title of the Course
INDUSTRIAL BOTANY
Paper Number
Core –XV
Category
Core
Year
II
Credits
4
Course Code
Semester
III
Instructional Hours
Per week
Lecture
Tutorial
Lab Practice
Total
2
3
-
5
Pre-requisite
The course will equip students to either obtain employment in the field
or start their own business there, depending on the needs of the
industry.
Learning Objectives
1. To learn the applied aspects of industrial application of algae,
fungi, bacteria, plants, molecular biology and recombination
technology.
2. The student would be competent to work in industries.
3. To educate people about the widespread commercial uses of fungi.
4. To know about the economic importance of plants.
5. To acquire knowledge on in vitro cultivation techniques to develop
protocols targeted towards commercialization.
UNIT
CONTENTS
I
ALGAE IN INDUSTRIES:
Fertilizer industry-Seaweeds, pharmaceutical industry – antibiotics, agar,
carageenin, alginin, diatomate earth, mineral industry, cosmetics, fodder industry
II
FUNGI IN INDUSTRIES:
Beneficial use of yeast, Fermentation of alcohol, preparations of enzyme (amylase,
protease, cellulase), organic acid preparation (oxalic and citric acid), cheese
production, protein manufacture, vitamins, fats.
III
PLANT PRODUCTS:
Fibres and Fibre-Yielding Plants, wood and cork, tannins and dyes, rubber, fatty oils
and Vegetable fats, sugars and starches, pulp and paper, gums, resins, beverages and
spices.
IV
BACTERIA IN INDUSTRY:
Food industry, dairy products, bioleaching, biogas production, bioremediation,
production of alcoholic beverages, enzymes, antibiotics, Interferons, vaccines.
V
RECOMBINANT PLANTS:
Tissue culture: Micropropagation, somatic seeds, cell culture. Hairy root cultures -
methods, applications; Biotransformation; Role of tissue culture in production of
pathogen - free plants and “synthetic seeds”; Transgenic plants for crop
improvement- Herbicide tolerant - Basta, Dhara Mustard Hybrid, glyphosate. Insect
resistant crops - Bt-cotton, BT-brinjal, Biofortification - golden rice. Flaour save
tomato etc. barnase and barstar. Transgenic plants for molecular farming
Course
outcomes
On completion of this course, the students will be able to:
Programme
outcomes
CO1
Understand the basics of algae in industrial applications.
K1
CO2
Demonstrate and to recollect the uses in fungi in industries
K2
Page 27 of 91
CO3
Explain bacterial role in industries.
K3
CO4
Compare and contrast the use of plants in industries.
K4
CO5
Discuss and develop skills for working in industries specializing
in biomolecules.
K5 & K6
Extended Professional Component (is a part of
internal component only, Not to be included in
the External Examination
Question paper)
Questions related to the above topics, from
various competitive examinations
UPSC/TRB/NET/UGC–
CSIR/GATE/TNPSC/others to be solved (To
be discussed during the Tutorial hour)
Skills acquired from this
course
Knowledge, Problem Solving, Analytical
ability, Professional Competency, Professional
Communication and Transferrable Skill
Recommended Text:
1. Trivedi, P.C. 2001. Algal Biotechnology. Point publisher, Jaipur. India.
2. Dinabandhu, S and Kaushik. B.D. 2012. Algal Biotechnology and Environment. I.K.
International, New Delhi.
3. Poonam Singh and Ashok Pandey. 2009. Biotechnology for agro-Industrial residues
utilization. Springer.
4. Dilip K. Arora. 2003. Handbook of Fungal Biotechnology. CRC Press book.
5. Vardhana, R. 2009. Economic Botany. 1st ed. Sarup Book Publishers Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi.
6. Dubey R.C. 2004. A text book of Biotechnology aspects of microbiology, British Sun
Publication.
7. Pelzer, M.J., Chan, E.C.S and Krieg, N.R. 1983. Microbiology, Tata McGraw Hill Publishing
House, New Delhi.
8. Narayanaswamy, S. 1994. Plant Cell and Tissue Culture. Tata McGraw Hill Ltd. New Delh.
Reference Books:
1. Becker. E.W. 1994. Micro algae Biotechnology and Microbiology. Cambridge University
press.
2. Borowitzka, M.A. and Borowizka, L.J. 1996. Microalgal Biotechnology. Cambridge
University Press, Cambridge,
3. Sahoo, D. 2000. Farming the ocean: seaweed cultivation and utilization. Aravali International,
New Delhi.
4. Mahendra Rai. 2009. Advances in Fungal Biotechnology. I.K. International Publishing House,
New Delhi.
5. Street, H.E. 1978. Essay in Plant Taxonomy, Academic Press, London, UK.
6. Alexander N. Glazer and Hiroshi Nikaido. 1994. Microbial Biotechnology.
7. Pandey, B.P. 2005. College Botany I: Including Algae, Fungi, Lichens, Bacteria, Viruses,
Plant Pathology, Industrial Microbiology and Bryophyta. S Chand & Company.
8. Chichister, U.K.J. 1999. Cultivation and Processing of Medicinal Plants, Wiley & Sons
9. William Charles Evans.1989. Pharmacognosy, 14th ed. Harcourt Brace & Company.
10. Kumar,H.D. 1999. Introductory Phycology. Affiliated East-WestPress, Delhi.
11. Das, Sand Saha, R. 2020. Microbiology Practical Manual. CBS Publishers and Distributors (P)
Ltd., New Delhi, India.
12. Willie, J and Sherwood, L. 2016. Prescott's Microbiology McGraw-Hill Education; 10th
Edition, ISBN: 978-1259281594
13. Reinert, J. Bajaj. T.P.S. 1977. Applied and Fundamental Aspects of Plant cell, tissue and
Page 28 of 91
organ Culture. Springer – Verlaug.
Web Resources
1. https://www.elsevier.com/books/algal-biotechnology/ahmad/978-0-323-90476-6
2. https://www.amazon.in/Fungi-Biotechnology-Prakash-ebook/dp/B07PBF2R3D
3. https://www.amazon.in/Plant-Based-Natural-Products-Derivatives-Applications-
ebook/dp/B07438N1CJ
4. https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-981-16-5214-1
5. https://link.springer.com/book/10.1385/0896031616
Mapping with Programme Outcomes:
COs
PO1
PO2
PO3
PO4
PO5
PSO1
PSO2
PSO3
PSO4
PSO5
CO1
3
3
1
3
2
1
2
1
2
2
CO2
3
3
2
2
3
3
2
3
2
3
CO3
2
2
3
3
1
2
1
2
1
3
CO4
3
3
3
3
3
2
3
2
3
3
CO5
3
3
2
3
2
3
3
3
3
3
S - Strong (3) M - Medium (2) L – Low (1)
Page 29 of 91
ELECTIVE-V: 1. SECONDARY PLANT PRODUCTS AND FERMENTATION
BIOTECHNOLOGY
Title of the Course
SECONDARY PLANT PRODUCTS AND FERMENTATION
BIOTECHNOLOGY
Paper Number
ELECTIVE V
Category
Elective
Year
II
Credits
2
Course Code
Semester
III
Instructional Hours
Per week
Lecture
Tutorial
Lab Practice
Total
3
-
-
3
Pre-requisite
To know about the microbial culture in the manufacture of value-added
products.
Learning Objectives
1. To familiar with the basics of biochemistry and fermentation.
2. Understand secondary metabolites.
3. To enhance the knowledge and skills needed for self-employment
using the microbial derived products.
4. Apply the microbial culture in the manufacturing of value-added
products.
5. Critically analyze the types of bioreactors and the fermentation
process.
UNIT
CONTENTS
I
SECONDARY METABOLITES:
A brief account of acetate malonate, acetate mevalonate and shikimic acid pathways.
Categories of phytochemicals – Phenols, alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, steroids,
glycosides, pigments and vitamins.
II
MICROBIAL GROWTH:
Microbial growth curve, Factors affecting microbial growth; Stoichiometry: mass
balances; Stoichiometry: energy balances; Growth kinetics; Measurement of growth.
III
BIOREACTORS:
Introduction to bioreactors; Batch and Fed-batch bioreactors, Continuous
bioreactors; Immobilized cells; Bioreactor operation; Sterilization; Aeration;
Sensors; Instrumentation; Culture-specific design aspects: plant cell culture reactors.
Membrane-based techniques; Extraction; Adsorption and Chromatography.
Industrial Processes: Description of industrial processes; Process flow sheeting;
Process economics.
IV
DOWNSTREAM PROCESSING:
Biomass removal and disruption; Centrifugation; sedimentation; Flocculation;
Microfiltration; Sonication; Homogenizers; Chemical lysis; Enzymatic lysis;
Membrane based purification: Ultrafiltration; Reverse osmosis; Dialysis:
Diafiltration; Pervaporation; Adsorption and chromatography: size, charge, shape,
hydrophobic interactions, Biological affinity; Process configurations (packed bed,
simulated moving beds); Precipitation (Ammonium Sulfate, solvent);
Electrophoresis (capillary); Crystallization; Extraction (solvent, aqueous two phase,
Page 30 of 91
super critical),
V
IMPORTANT PRODUCTS THROUGH FERMENTATION:
Organic acids: citric acid and acetic acid, enzymes – amylase, lipase, antibiotics –
penicillin, vitamins – B12, amino acids – glycine, glutamic acid, organic solvents –
ethanol, acetone, alcoholic beverages – wine, beer, biomass – baker’s yeast,
biopesticides, biopolymers.
Course
outcomes
On completion of this course, the students will be able to:
Programme
outcomes
CO1
Critically analyze the types of bioreactors and the fermentation
process.
K1
CO2
Evaluate the role of microorganisms in industry
K2
CO3
Analyze the types of bioreactors.
K3
CO4
Create to understand the significance of intrinsic and extrinsic
factors on growth of microorganism.
K4
CO5
Evaluate the concept of downstream processing
K5 & K6
Extended Professional Component (is a part of
internal component only, Not to be included in
the External Examination
Question paper)
Questions related to the above topics, from
various competitive examinations
UPSC/TRB/NET/UGC–
CSIR/GATE/TNPSC/others to be solved (To
be discussed during the Tutorial hour)
Skills acquired from this
course
Knowledge, Problem Solving, Analytical
ability, Professional Competency, Professional
Communication and Transferrable Skill
Recommended Text:
1. Shuler, M. L and F. Kargi. 2002. Bioprocess Engineering, Prentice Hall Inc.
2. Doran, P.M. 1995. Bioprocess Engineering Principles, Elsevier.
3. Kaufman, P.B. L. J. Cseke, S. Warler, J. A. Duke, and H. L. Brielmann. 1999. Natural
Products from Plants, CRC Press LLC.
4. Casia, J.R.L.E. 2009. Industrial Microbiology. New Age International (P) Ltd. Publisher,
New Delhi.
5. Stanbury, P. F., Whitaker, A. and Hall, S.J. 1979. Principles of Fermentation Technology.
Aditya Books (P) Ltd., New Delhi.
6. Potter, N. N. 2007. Food Science. CBS Publishers.
Reference Books:
1. Rehm, H. J and G. Reed, Biotechnology-A multi- Volume Comprehensive Treatise, 2
nd
Ed,
Vol 3, Wiley-VCH, 1993
2. Moo-Young, M. 2004. Comprehensive Biotechnology, Vol. 2, Pergamon Press,
3. Dicosmo, F and M. Missawa, 1996. Plant Cell Culture Secondary Metabolism: Towards
Industrial Application. CRC LLC.
4. Frazier, W.C. and Weshoff, D.C. (2015). Food Microbiology (5th edition) McgrawHill.
5. Kumari, S. 2012. Basics of Food Biochemistry and Microbiology. Koros Press.
6. Whitaker. J.R. 2016. Handbook of Food Enzymology. CRC press
7. Shewfelt, R.L.2013. Introducing Food Science. CRC Press.
8. Smith, J.S and Hui, Y.H.2014. Food Processing. Wiley.
9. Varzakas, T and Tzia, C. 2016. Handbook of Food Processing. CRC Press.
Web Resources
Page 31 of 91
1. https://link.springer.com/book/9783642673627
2. https://www.elsevier.com/books/secondary-plant-products/stumpf/978-0-12-675407-0
3. https://www.amazon.in/Secondary-Plant-Products-Comprehensive-Biochemistry-
ebook/dp/B01E3II0E2
4. https://www.pdfdrive.com/principles-of-fermentation-technology-e40900163.html
5. https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-16230-6
Mapping with Programme Outcomes:
COs
PO1
PO2
PO3
PO4
PO5
PSO1
PSO2
PSO3
PSO4
PSO5
CO1
3
3
1
3
2
1
2
2
2
1
CO2
3
3
2
2
3
3
2
3
3
3
CO3
2
2
3
3
1
2
1
3
1
2
CO4
3
3
3
3
3
2
3
3
3
2
CO5
3
3
2
3
2
3
3
3
2
3
S - Strong (3) M - Medium (2) L – Low (1)
Page 32 of 91
ELECTIVE - V: 2. ENTREPRENEURIAL OPPORTUNITIES IN BOTANY
Title of the Course
ENTREPRENEURIAL OPPORTUNITIES IN BOTANY
Paper Number
ELECTIVE V
Category
Elective
Year
II
Credits
2
Course Code
Semester
III
Instructional Hours
Per week
Lecture
Tutorial
Lab Practice
Total
3
-
-
3
Pre-requisite
To understand the importance of floriculture and nursery management.
Learning Objectives
1. Understand the different classifications of horticultural crops,
nursery management, and use of technology in horticulture.
2. Develop their competency on pre and post-harvest technology in
horticultural crops.
3. Analyze the different methods of weed control and harvest
treatments of horticultural crops.
4. Examine the economic implications of cultivation of tropical and
sub-tropical vegetable crops.
5. Evaluate the importance of floriculture and contribution spices and
condiments on economy.
UNIT
CONTENTS
I
Organic manures and fertilizers. Composition of fertilizer, NPK content of various
fertilizers. Common organic manures bone meal, cowdung, poultry waste, oil cakes,
organic mixtures and compost. Preparation of compost, aerobic and anaerobic –
advantages. Vermicompost preparation, vermiwash. Panchakaviyam.
II
Common garden tools. Methods of plant propagation by seeds. Vegetative
propagation, cutting, grafting, budding and layering. Use of growth regulators for
rooting.
III
Gardening – types of garden, ornamental, indoor garden, kitchen garden, terrace
garden, vegetable garden for marketing. Rockery and artificial ponds. Ornamental
garden designing, garden components flower beds, borders, hedges, edges, drives,
paths, garden adornments.
IV
Packaging of fruits, vegetables. Preservation techniques drying, heat treatment, low
temperature storage and by chemicals. Preparation of wine, vinegar and dairy
products.
V
Significance of mushrooms. Types of mushrooms. Spawn isolation and preparation.
Cultivation (button mushroom, oyster mushroom). Value added products from
mushroom – pickles, candies and dried mushrooms.
Course
outcomes
On completion of this course, the students will be able to:
Programme
outcomes
CO1
Students can acquire knowledge about organic farming and their
advantages.
K1
CO2
Analyze both the theoretical and practical knowledge in
understanding various horticultural techniques
K2
CO3
To develop kitchen garden or terrace garden in their living area.
K3
CO4
Evaluate the horticultural techniques to students can develop self
K4
Page 33 of 91
employment and economical improvement
CO5
Create and develop skills for mushroom cultivation.
K5 & K6
Extended Professional
Component (is a part of internal
component only, Not to be
included in the External
Examination
Question paper)
Questions related to the above topics, from various
competitive examinations UPSC/TRB/NET/UGC–
CSIR/GATE/TNPSC/others to be solved (To be discussed
during the Tutorial hour)
Skills acquired from this
course
Knowledge, Problem Solving, Analytical ability,
Professional Competency, Professional Communication and
Transferrable Skill
Recommended Text:
1. Chmielewski, J. G and Krayesky, D. 2013.General Botany laboratory Manual. Author House,
Bloomington, USA.
2. Russell, T. 2012. Nature Guide: Trees: The world in your hands (Nature Guides). Mukherjee
D. Gardening in India, Oxford IBH publishing co, New Delhi.
3. Kumar, N. 1997. Introduction to Horticulture, Rajalakshmi Publications, Nagercoil.
4. Webster J and Weber, R. 2007. Introduction to Fungi, 3
rd
Ed.Cambridge University Press,
Cambridge.
5. Bendre, M. Ashok and Ashok Kumar, A. 2020. Text Book of Practical Botany 1 10
th
ed).
Rastogi Publications, Meerut.
6. Singh, R and U.C. Singh 2020. Modern mushroom cultivation, 3
rd
Edition Agrobios (India),
Jodhpur.
Reference Books:
1. Adams, C.R. Banford, K.M. and Early, M.P. 1993. Principles of Horticulture.
2. Sathe, T.V. 2004. Vermiculture and Organic farming, Daya Publishers.
3. Peter, K.V. 2017. Basic Horticulture.
4. Hartman, H.T. and D.F. Kestler. 1976. Plant propagation principles and practice. Prentice Hall
of India, New Delhi.
5. Jules Janick, 1982. Horticulture Science. Surjeet publications, New Delhi.
6. Ignacimuthu, S.1998. Plant Biotechnology. Tata Mc Graw Hill Ltd., New Delhi.
7. Gupta. P.K., 1998. Elements of Biotechnology. Rastogi publications, Meerut.
8. Edmond Musser and Andres, Fundamentals of Horticulture, McGraw Hill Book Co.,
New Delhi.
9. Janick Jules. 1979. Horticultural Science. (3
rd
Ed.), W.H. Freeman and Co., San Francisco,
USA
Web Resources
1. https://www.kobo.com/in/en/ebook/composting-process-organic-manures-through-eco-
friendly-waste-management-practices
2. https://books.google.co.in/books/about/Plant_Propagation.html?id=K-
gQh6OI7GcC&redir_esc=y
3. https://www.ebooks.com/en-us/subjects/gardening/
4. https://www.amazon.in/Preservation-Techniques-Publishing-Technology-Nutrition-
ebook/dp/B00RXCXB3Q
5. https://www.elsevier.com/books/food-preservation-techniques/zeuthen/978-1-85573-530-9
Page 34 of 91
Mapping with Programme Outcomes:
COs
PO1
PO2
PO3
PO4
PO5
PSO1
PSO2
PSO3
PSO4
PSO5
CO1
3
3
1
3
2
1
2
2
3
2
CO2
3
3
2
2
3
3
2
3
2
3
CO3
2
2
3
3
1
2
1
3
3
1
CO4
3
3
3
3
3
2
3
3
3
3
CO5
3
3
2
3
2
3
3
3
3
2
S - Strong (3) M - Medium (2) L – Low (1)
Page 35 of 91
ELECTIVE- V: 3. APPLIED PLANT CELL & TISSUE CULTURE
Title of the Course
APPLIED PLANT CELL & TISSUE CULTURE
Paper Number
ELECTIVE V
Category
Elective
Year
II
Credits
2
Course Code
Semester
III
Instructional Hours
Per week
Lecture
Tutorial
Lab Practice
Total
3
-
-
3
Pre-requisite
The course will equip students to either obtain employment in the field
or start their own business there, depending on the needs of the industry.
Learning Objectives
1. To comprehend the basic principles and methodologies of plant
tissue culture.
2. To acquire knowledge on in vitro cultivation techniques to develop
protocols targeted towards commercialization.
3. To gain understanding of the various techniques of tissue culture
for secondary metabolites production. .
4. To recognize the worth of traditional germplasm and receive
training in preserving and enhancing crop varieties to meet
consumer demand and global legal policies.
5. To impart practical information on plant tissue culture in order to
produce labour suitable for the demands of the industry and research
facilities
UNIT
CONTENTS
I
BASIC PLANT TISSUE CULTURE:
Totipotency and concepts of plant tissue culture – Laboratory organization – Design
of different laboratories - Aseptic techniques - Plant culture media – Inorganic
nutrients – Macronutrients – Micronutrients - Carbon and energy sources – Organic
supplements – Growth regulators – Solidifying agent – MS medium and B5 medium
– Explant preparation - Methods of sterilization – Transfer and incubation of culture.
II
MICROPROPAGATION:
Micropropagation – Stages of micropropagation - Multiplication by axillary and
apical shoots – Multiplication by adventitious shoots – Multiplication through callus
culture – Organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis – Multiplication and Rooting -
Hardening - Factors effecting micropropagation – Technical problems in
micropropagation - Practical applications of micropropagation – Somaclonal &
gametoclonal variation – synthetic seed technology - Shoot tip/Meristem culture for
virus free plants.
III
CELL AND PROTOPLAST CULTURES AND HAPLOID PRODUCTION:
Single cell and cell suspension culture – Applications - Production of haploids -
Anther culture and pollen culture – Induction of haploids from un-pollinated ovaries
and ovules – Role of haploids in Plant breeding - Protoplast culture: Protoplast
isolation, purification – regeneration – culturing. Protoplast fusion techniques –
somatic hybridization and cybridization - Applications of protoplast culture and
hybridization.
METABOLIC ENGINEERING:
Page 36 of 91
IV
Application of cell culture systems in metabolic engineering - advantages of cell,
tissue and organ culture as a source of secondary metabolites - Hairy root culture -
Screening of high yielding cell lines - Procedures for extraction of high value
industrial products – Alkaloids, food additives and insecticides in in vitro system.
V
CRYOPRESERVATION AND BIOREACTORS:
Germplasm storage and conservation – Methods of in vitro conservation –
Cryopreservation and steps involved in cryopreservation of plant materials - Types
of bioreactors (Stirred tank and airlift) and their uses - Industrial scaling – Upstream
and downstream processing, Biotransformation – Food vaccines, bioplastics,
plantibodies, plantigens - Applications of tissue culture in agriculture, horticulture
and forestry.
Course
outcomes
On completion of this course, the students will be able to:
Programme
outcomes
CO1
Recall the principles and culture techniques of cells, callus,
organs, pollen, anthers, embryos and protoplasts.
K1
CO2
Understand the techniques used in plant growth and regeneration
under in vitro conditions.
K2
CO3
Apply the role plant tissue culture techniques in the production
some secondary metabolites and planting stock in horticulture.
K3
CO4
Analyze the conditions that are suitable for direct and indirect
plant regeneration.
K4
CO5
Evaluate the self-skills obtained during the course thorough
internal and external assessment systems.
K5
CO6
Create idea to seek for suitable job in relevant industries/research
centers or to become a potential entrepreneur based on knowledge
achieved during the course.
K6
Extended Professional Component (is a part of
internal component only, Not to be included in
the External Examination
Question paper)
Questions related to the above topics, from
various competitive examinations
UPSC/TRB/NET/UGC–
CSIR/GATE/TNPSC/others to be solved (To
be discussed during the Tutorial hour)
Skills acquired from this
course
Knowledge, Problem Solving, Analytical
ability, Professional Competency, Professional
Communication and Transferrable Skill
Recommended Text:
1. Narayanaswamy, S. 1999. Plant cell and tissue culture. 8th edn.Tata McGraw Hill Publ.
ISBN 0074602772.
2. Bhojwani, S.S and Razdan, M.K. 2004. Plant Tissue Culture, Read Elsevier India Pvt. Ltd.
ISBN 818147 3256.
3. Trigiano, R.N and D.J. Gray (eds.). 2000. Plant tissue culture concepts and laboratory
exercises. CRC Press. (Textbook). 2nd Edition.
4. Kyte, M and Kleyn, J. 1996. Plant from test tubes. Timber Press. Auge, R. et al., 1995. In
vitro culture and its applications in horticulture. Science Publishers, Inc.
5. Auge, R. 1995. In vitro culture and its applications in horticulture. Science Publishers, Inc.
6. Gamborg, O.L. and G.C. Phillips (eds). 1995. Plant cell, tissue and organ culture. Springer
Lab Manual.
Page 37 of 91
7. Khasim, S.M. 2002. Botanical Microtechnique: Principles and Practice, Capital
Publishing Company, New Delhi.
8. Srivastava, P.S. 1998. Plant Tissue Culture and Molecular Biology. N.R. Book Distributors,
New Delhi.
9. Vinay Sharma and Afroz Alam. 2019. Plant Tissue Culture. Wiley.
10. Pullaiah, E., Rao, T., M.V. Subba, Sreedev. 2017. Plant Tissue Culture: Theory and
Practicals. Scientific Publishers.
11. Chawla, H.S. 2009. Introduction to plant biotechnology, 3rd edition, Oxford and IBH
publishing, New Delhi.
12. Gupta, S.D and Ibaraki, Y. 2006. Plant tissue culture engineering (Vol. 6). Springer Science
& Business Media, Germany.
13. Razdan, M.K. 2015. Introduction to Plant Tissue Culture, 3rd edition. Oxford and IBH
publishing, New Delhi.
14. Rober, H. Smith. 2013. Plant Tissue Culture: Techniques and Experiments, Academic Press,
Elsevier.
15. Robert, N. Trigiano and Dennis, J and Gray (Eds.). 2011. Plant Tissue Culture, Development,
and Biotechnology, CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group.
Reference Books:
1. Bhojwani, S. S and Dantu, P.K. 2013. Plant tissue culture: an introductory text (Vol. 318).
New Delhi, India: Springer.
2. Vasil, I.K. and Thorpe, T.A. 1994. Plant Cell and Tissue Culture, Kluwer Academic Press,
The Netherlands.
3. Loyola-Vargas, V.M. Ochoa-Alejo, N. 2016. Somatic embryogenesis: Fundamental aspects
and applications, Springer international publishing, Switzerland.
4. Elhiti, M., Stasolla, C and Wang, A. 2013. Molecular regulation of plant somatic
embryogenesis. In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology-Plant, 49(6), 631-642
5. Collins, H.A. and Edwards, S. 1998. Plant Cell Culture, Bios Scientific Publishers, Oxford,
UK.
6. Hall, R.D. (Ed.). 1999. Plant Tissue Culture: Techniques and Experiments, Academic
Press, New York.
7. Kartha, K.K. 1985. Cyropreservation of plant cells and organs. CRC Press, Boca Raton,
Florida.
8. Rihan, H.Z., Kareem, F., El-Mahrouk, M.E., and Fuller, M.P. 2017. Artificial seeds
(principle, aspects and applications). Agronomy, 7(4), 7.
9. Pullaiah, T. 2009. Plant Tissue Culture: Theory and Practicals, Scientific Publishers Journals
Dept.Timir Baran Jha and Biswajit Ghosh. 2016. Plant Tissue Culture: Basic and Applied,
Platinum Publishers; 2nd Edn.
10. Anis Mohammad and Ahmad Naseem. 2016. Plant Tissue Culture: Propagation,
Conservation and Crop Improvement, Springer. Singapore.
11. Loyola-Vargas, V.M and Vázquez-Flota, F. 2006. Plant cell culture protocols (Vol. 318).
USA: Humana Press, New Jersey.
12. Mba, C., Afza, R., Bado, S., and Jain, S.M. 2010. Plant Cell Culture: Essential Methods, John
Wiley & Sons, UK.
13. Abdin, M.Z., Kiran, U., Kamaluddin, M., Ali, A. (Eds.). 2017. Plant Biotechnology:
Principles and Applications, Springer publishers.
14. Fett-Neto, Arthur Germano (Ed.). 2016. Biotechnology of Plant Secondary Metabolism:
Page 38 of 91
Methods and Protocols, Springer publishers.
15. Smith, R.H. 2012. Plant tissue culture: techniques and experiments. Academic Press, UK.
16. Trigiano, R. N., and Gray, D. J. 2011. Plant tissue culture, development, and biotechnology.
CRC Press, US
17. Kartha, K.K. 1985. Cryopreservation of Plant Cells and Organs. CRC Press, Boca Raton,
Florida, USA.
Web Resources
1. https://nptel.ac.in/courses/102/103/102103016/
2. http://ugcmoocs.inflibnet.ac.in/ugcmoocs/spoc.php?coordinator=574
3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bi755vQVNx8
4. https://www.elsevier.com/books/plant-tissue-culture/park/978-0-12-821120-5
5. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/book/10.1002/9780470686522
Mapping with Programme Outcomes:
COs
PO1
PO2
PO3
PO4
PO5
PSO1
PSO2
PSO3
PSO4
PSO5
CO1
3
3
1
3
2
1
2
2
1
3
CO2
3
3
2
2
3
3
2
3
2
2
CO3
2
2
3
3
1
2
1
3
3
3
CO4
3
3
3
3
3
2
3
3
3
3
CO5
3
3
2
3
2
3
3
3
2
3
S - Strong (3) M - Medium (2) L – Low (1)
Page 39 of 91
ELECTIVE – V: 4. SILVICULTURE AND COMMERCIAL LANDSCAPING
Title of the Course
SILVICULTURE AND COMMERCIAL LANDSCAPING
Paper Number
ELECTIVE V
Category
Elective
Year
II
Credits
2
Course Code
Semester
III
Instructional Hours
Per week
Lecture
Tutorial
Lab Practice
Total
3
-
-
3
Pre-requisite
Students should know about the fundamental concepts of gardening and
landscaping.
Learning Objectives
1. To understand the basic concepts of horticulture.
2. To learn the various methods of plant propagation.
3. To know the art of fruit crop and vegetable crop cultivation.
4. To know about the fundamental concepts of gardening and
landscaping.
5. To provide an overview of various gardening styles and its scope in
recreation and bio-aesthetic planning.
UNIT
CONTENTS
I
Silviculture – definition, objectives and scope. Classification of forest, forest
composition and structure, Forest ecosystem, Forest types of Tamil Nadu and their
distribution, Role of forests. Silviculture techniques for some important species -
Tectona grandis, Melia dubia, Eucalyptus. Plant Adaptations – Desert, Grasslands,
Tropical and Temperate Rain Forest, Tropical and Temperate Deciduous Forest,
Tundra.
II
Plant propagation: Natural method: Propagation through seeds and specialized
vegetative structures - Artificial methods: Cutting: types (root, stem, leaf cuttings),
advantages and disadvantages - Layering: types (simple, compound, tip, trench,
mound, air-layering) advantages and disadvantages - Grafting: types (inarching,
side, splice, whip/tongue, veneer, cleft, bark, epicotyl, top-working) advantages and
disadvantages - Budding: Types (T-budding, shield, patch, and ring budding)
advantages and disadvantages - Stock – scion relationships – Micropropagation.
III
Fruit crops: Training and pruning methods for fruit plants – Induction of flowering,
flower thinning - fruit setting and fruit development – Seedlessness in horticultural
fruits – Importance of plant growth regulators in fruit crops – Cultivation and
harvesting methods of important fruit crops; Mango, Sapota, Pomegranate, Grapes
and Guava.
IV
Flower and vegetable crops: Floriculture – Cultivation of commercial flower crops –
Rose, Jasmine, Chrysanthemum, Crossandra, Anthurium and Gerberas – Cut flowers
– Vase life period – Packages for export of cut flowers - Flower decoration – Dry
and wet decoration. Classification of vegetables – Cultivation of important
vegetables - Tomato, Potato, Onion, Cabbage and Snake guard – Layout for a model
kitchen garden.
V
Landscape designing: Principles and methods of landscape designing – Types of
garden – Garden components – Shrubs and shrubberies, ornamental hedges, edges,
flower beds, borders and carpet beds – climbers and creepers – Foliage plants -
Page 40 of 91
Succulents and cacti – Ornamental palms – Orchids - Topiary and trophy -
Rockeries and arches – Lawn making and maintenance – Water garden - Layout for
college garden - Indoor gardening – Hanging baskets - Bonsai plants – Training and
pruning - Terrace garden - Cultivation of tree species – Eucalyptus and teak.
Course
outcomes
On completion of this course, the students will be able to:
Programme
outcomes
CO1
To understand the importance and divisions of horticulture.
K1
CO2
Demonstrate the art of floriculture and landscape gardening.
K2
CO3
Explain plant propagation and fruit crop cultivation.
K3
CO4
Compare and contrast the vegetable cultivation and kitchen
gardening.
K4
CO5
Discuss and develop skills for effective understanding on
landscaping and components of gardens.
K5 & K6
Extended Professional Component (is a part of
internal component only, Not to be included in
the External Examination
Question paper)
Questions related to the above topics, from
various competitive examinations
UPSC/TRB/NET/UGC–
CSIR/GATE/TNPSC/others to be solved (To
be discussed during the Tutorial hour)
Skills acquired from this
course
Knowledge, Problem Solving, Analytical
ability, Professional Competency, Professional
Communication and Transferrable Skill
Recommended Text:
1. Edmond, J.B. 1977. Fundamentals of Horticulture. Tata McGraw Hill Publishers Co. Ltd.,
New Delhi.
2. Kumar, N. 2017. Introduction to Horticulture, Midtech Publisher.
3. Manibushan Rao, K. 1991. Textbook of Horticulture. Macmillan Publishing Co., New York.
4. Rao, K.M. 2000. Text book of Horticulture. Macmillan India Ltd, New Delhi.
5. George, A. 2002. Horticulture Principles and Practices. 2nd Edition. Pearson Education,
Delhi.
6. Bohra, M.P.S. and Arora, 2017. Introduction to Horticulture, 2 nd Edition.
7. Singh, J. 2018. Fundamentals of Horticulture. Kalyani Publishers.
8. Acquaah, J. 2009. Horticulture – principles and practices, 4th edition, PHI learning Pvt. Ltd.
9. Rao Manibhushan K. 1991. Textbook of horticulture. MaC Millan India Ltd.
10. Gangulee H. C. and Kar A. K. 2004. College Botany Vol II, New Central Book Agency
11. Sharma V. K. 1999. Encyclopaedia of Practical Horticulture, Vol I –IV, Deep and Deep Publ.
Pvt. Ltd.
Reference Books:
1. EdmentSenn Andrews. 1994. Fundamentals of Horticulture.Tata. McGraw Hill Publishing
Co., Ltd., Delhi.
2. Adams, 2005. Principles of Horticulture. IVth Ed. Elsevier India Pv. Ltd
3. Antje Rugullis. 2008. 1001 Garden Plants and Flowers. Parragon Publishers.
4. Berry, F. and Kress, J. 1991. Heliconia: An Identification Guide. Smithsonian Books.
5. Butts, E. and Stensson, K. 2012.Sheridan Nurseries: One hundred years of People,Plans, and
Plants. Dundurn Group Ltd.
6. Russell, T. 2012. Nature Guide: Trees: The world in your hands (Nature Guides).
Page 41 of 91
Web Resources
1. https://courses.opened.uoguelph.ca/contentManagement.do?method=load&code=CM000019
2. www.teachervision.com/gardening
3. https://pace.oregonstate.edu/catalog/master-gardener-series-oregon-master-gardener-program
4. https://www.amazon.in/Gardening-Landscape-Design-and-Botanical-
Garden/s?rh=n%3A1318122031%2Cp_27%3Aand+Botanical+Garden
5. https://www.overdrive.com/subjects/gardening
6. https://www.scribd.com/book/530538456/Opportunities-in-Landscape-Architecture-
Botanical-Gardens-and-Arboreta-Careers
Mapping with Programme Outcomes:
COs
PO1
PO2
PO3
PO4
PO5
PSO1
PSO2
PSO3
PSO4
PSO5
CO1
3
3
2
1
2
1
2
2
3
1
CO2
3
3
2
2
3
3
2
3
3
2
CO3
2
2
3
3
1
2
1
3
2
3
CO4
3
3
3
3
3
2
3
3
3
3
CO5
3
3
2
3
2
3
3
3
3
2
S - Strong (3) M - Medium (2) L – Low (1)
Page 42 of 91
SKILL ENHANCEMENT COURSE 2
SEMINAR PAPER (OPEN CHOICE)
Title of the Course
SEMINAR PAPER (OPEN CHOICE)
Paper Number
SKILL ENHANCEMENT 2
Category
Skill
enhancement
Year
II
Credits
2
Course Code
Semester
III
Instructional Hours
Per week
Lecture
Tutorial
Lab Practice
Total
3
-
-
3
Pre-requisite
Students should know about the fundamental concepts of seminar
presentation.
Learning Objectives
To learn about the presentation skills - Listening, Speaking,
Reading and Writing
To provide an opportunity for participants to gain knowledge and
skills through lectures, discussion, and other interactive activities.
To understand methodology of seminar preparation
To show the acquired knowledge in paper presentation in open
choice platform
UNIT
CONTENTS
I
Seminar – define, benefits to students; Structure of seminar paper: Title, abstract, key
words, introduction, objectives, scope of the study, list of literature, methodology, the
text body/subject development, presentation of data, discussion, conclusion,
references; Guide to conducting effective seminars.
II
Electronic information products: e-books, e-journals, e-zines, e-reference sources.
Literature collection and citation: impact factor, citation analysis, citation index, h
index, i10 index. Concept of Plagiarism and its types, Digital Libraries - virtual
reference service. Electronic Publishing: concept and categories.
III
Structure and format of journal articles. Types of research papers. Writing an
effective research paper, Seminar presentation skills, Types of seminars, Key
elements of online seminar, Good presentation techniques.
IV
E-learning tools –Visual aids: Microsoft Powerpoint, Canva, Google meet, Google
Slides, Zoom. Word processors, Biology apps, softwares and Websites,
Communication technologies used in E-learning, concept and types of E-learning, the
role of E-learning, the advantages and disadvantages.
V
Micro-teaching, Dos and Don’ts for an Effective Presentation, Guidelines on
Research paper presentation in Seminars / Conferences. Webinars – how to create
effective webinars. Creating posters for effective scientific communication
Course
outcomes
On completion of this course, the students will be able to:
Programme
outcomes
CO1
The skills of writing will be developed and assessed based on the
structure of seminar paper.
K1
CO2
Students are expected to gain knowledge about literature
collection.
K2
Page 43 of 91
CO3
Students are prepared to communicate their ideas effectively and
coherently in various types of seminar platforms.
K3
CO4
The presenationskill will be developed via e-learning tools.
K4
CO5
Students are trained to proceed the effective micro teaching
techniques.
K5 & K6
Web Resources
1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C55e9mFzO4E
2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S5c1susCPAE
3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mwYRKPT1TgI
4. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gkNGtBlZOwo
5. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AdGJIehKjyw
6. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_ic5f9K9HpI
Page 44 of 91
PROFESSIONAL COMMUNICATION SKILL
Title of the Course
PROFESSIONAL COMMUNICATION SKILL
Paper Number
SKILL ENHANCEMENT 2
Category
Skill
enhancement
Year
II
Credits
2
Course Code
Semester
III
Instructional Hours
Per week
Lecture
Tutorial
Lab Practice
Total
3
-
-
3
Pre-requisite
Students should know about the fundamental concepts of
gardening and landscaping.
Learning Objectives
To teach the four language skills - Listening, Speaking, Reading
and Writing; critical thinking skills to students.
To enable students, comprehend the concept of communication.
To help students cultivate the habit of Reading and develop their
critical reading skills
Develop vocabulary and language skills.
Analyze, interpret and effectively summarize a variety of textual
content.
UNIT
CONTENTS
I
Communication: An Introduction - Definition, Scope of Communication, importance
of Communication, Process and types of Communication. Barriers to
communication - overcome barriers of communication, Perspectives in
communication, communication styles, effective communication
II
Elements of Communication: Introduction, Face to Face Communication – Tone of
voice, Body Language (Non-Verbal Communication), Verbal Communication,
Visual Communication.
III
Listening Skills The process, importance and types of listening. Enhancing Listening
Skills - Paraphrasing, Summarizing, Guidelines to increase listening, Activities to
enhance listening
IV
Telephone Skills: Telephonic Communication: Do’s and Don’ts.
Speaking Skills: Introducing yourself, describing a person, place, situation and
event, giving instruction, making inquiries – at a bank, post-office, air-port, hospital,
reservation counter and role play, Asking Questions
V
Letter Writing: Informal Letter, (Formal) Business Letters: Essential and Occasional
Parts of a letter, layout and Letter of Inquiry, Complaint and Adjustments, orders
and replies of it.
Report Writing: Format, Structure and Types, Technical Reports and Project
Reports.
Course
outcomes
On completion of this course, the students will be able to:
Programme
outcomes
CO1
Students are trained to convert the conceptual understanding of
communication into every day practice.
K1
CO2
Students are expected to be ready for placements.
K2
CO3
Students are prepared to communicate their ideas relevantly and
K3
Page 45 of 91
coherently in professional writing
CO4
The skills of Speaking will be developed conducting various
communicative Activities- Role play, conversations, extempore etc.
K4
CO5
The skills of Writing will be developed and assessed on Text based
writing.
K5 & K6
Recommended Text:
1. Meenakshi Raman & Sangeetha Sharma. 2012. Technical Communication. New Delhi: OUP
2. Rizvi, M. A. 2005. Effective Technical Communication. New Delhi: Tata McGraw Hill
3. Sanjay Kumar & Pushphatha. 2012. Communication Skills. New Delhi: OUP
4. Er. A. K. Jain, Dr. Pravin S. R. Bhatia & Dr. A. M. Sheikh. 2013. Professional
Communication Skills. S. Chand Publishers. New Delhi.
5. Farhathullah, T.M. 2009. English for Business Communication. Bangalore: Prism Publishers
6. Bikram K Das. 2011. Functional Grammar and Spoken and Written Communication in
English. Kolkata: Orient Blackswan
7. Kiranmai Dutt, P et al. 2011. A Course in Communication Skills. New Delhi: CUP India
8. Krishnaswamy, N. 2000. Modern English – A Book of Grammar, Vocabulary and Usage.
Macmillan India Pvt. Ltd
9. Ramachandran, K K. et al. 2007. Business Communication. New Delhi: Macmillan
10. Taylor, Ken. 2011. 50 ways to improve your Business English. Hyderabad: Orient Blackswan
Reference Books:
1. Andreja. J. Ruther Ford, Basic communication skills for Technology, 2
nd
Edition, Pearson
Education, 2011
2. Aubrey Daniels, Bringing out the best in people, 2
nd
Edition, Mc Graw Hill, 1999
3. Stephen.P. Robbins Organizational Behaviour, 1
st
Edition, Pearson, 2013
4. Gill Hasson, Brilliant- Communication skills, 1
st
Edition, Pearson Life, 2011
5. Gopala Swamy Ramesh, The Ace of Soft Skills: Attitude, Communication and Etiquette for
success, 5
th
Edition, Pearson, 2013
6. Deborah Dalley, Lois Burton, Margaret Developing your influencing skills, , Greenhall, 1
st
Edition Universe of Learning LTD, 2010
7. Konar nira, Communication skills for professionals, 2
nd
Edition, New arrivals –PHI, 2011
8. Barun K Mitra, Personality development and soft skills, 1
st
Edition, Oxford Press, 2011
9. Butter Field, Soft skill for everyone, 1
st
Edition, Cengage Learning India pvt. ltd, 2011
10. Francis Peters SJ, Soft skills and professional communication, 1
st
Edition, McGraw Hill
Education, 2011
11. John Adair, Effective communication, 4
th
Edition, Pan Mac Millan, 2009
Web Resources
7. https://library.ku.ac.ke/wp-
content/downloads/2011/08/Bookboon/Career%20and%20Personal%20Development/effectiv
e-communication-skills.pdf
8. https://agrimoon.com/communication-skills-pdf-book-free-download/
9. https://ncert.nic.in/vocational/pdf/kees101.pdf
10. https://ncert.nic.in/vocational/pdf/kees101.pdf
11. https://baou.edu.in/assets/pdf/BCADES_201_slm.pdf
12. https://mrcet.com/downloads/MBA/Professional%20Communication%20Skills.pdf
Page 46 of 91
Mapping with Programme Outcomes:
COs
PO1
PO2
PO3
PO4
PO5
PSO1
PSO2
PSO3
PSO4
PSO5
CO 1
3
3
3
1
3
3
3
3
3
2
CO 2
3
3
3
3
3
3
2
1
3
3
CO 3
3
3
3
3
3
3
2
1
3
3
CO 4
3
2
3
3
3
3
3
2
3
3
CO 5
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
2
3
S-Strong (3) M-Medium (2) L-Low (1)
Page 47 of 91
INTERNSHIP / FIELD VISIT / INDUSTRIAL VISIT / RESEARCH KNOWLEDGE
UPDATING ACTIVITY
Title of the Course
Internship / Field Visit / Industrial Visit / Research
Knowledge Updating activity
Paper Number
Skill Enhancement – II
Category
SKILL
ENHANCEMENT
Year
II
Credits
2
Course
Code
Semester
III
Instructional Hours per week
Lecture
Tutorial
Lab
Practice
Total
-
-
-
-
Pre-requisite
The Internship / Field Visit / Industrial Visit / Research
Knowledge Updating activity programme will give students the
chance to experience real-world organisational situations, learn
about processes and rules, and grasp the operations of the
industry.
Learning Objectives
C1
The main goal of the Internship / Field Visit / Industrial Visit / Research Knowledge
Updating activity programme is to give students exposure to industry and help them
comprehend current management techniques by having them work for at least fifteen
days in an industry/institution over the summer.
C2
To comprehend how theoretical ideas are applied in many sectors and industries.
C3
To create a foundation for industry-integrated education, as well as to give students
better practical knowledge and hands-on experience, improve their leadership qualities,
and sharpen their problem-solving and management skills.
C4
The Internship / Field Visit / Industrial Visit / Research Knowledge Updating activity
must focus on practice. The college will require the students to visit the offices of the
research lab/industry/institution it has a memorandum of understanding (MOU) with in
order to receive on-the-job training in the many different areas of those businesses'
operations.
C5
Internship / Field Visit / Industrial Visit / Research Knowledge Updating activities
provide students with practical experience in a variety of fields, including
manufacturing, productivity, development, and quality analysis. These experiences
prepare students for competitive hiring processes in reputable MNC industries.
UNIT
CONTENTS
I
Guidelines for Internship/ Field Visit / Industrial Visit / Research Knowledge
Updating Activity Programme:
1. To give students the opportunity to spend few days on their own during the II
Semester vocation / in order to acquire exposure to research labs, industry, and
respected institutions and comprehend contemporary research procedures.
2. Individual instruction is provided for the Internship / Field Visit / Industrial Visit /
Page 48 of 91
Research Knowledge Updating activity. The Internship / Field Visit / Industrial Visit /
Research Knowledge Updating activity programme must be completed in order to
receive a credential.
3. Students are required to identify a research labs /industry/ recognized institution for
their Internship / Field Visit / Industrial Visit / Research Knowledge Updating
Activity Programme Coordinator in consultation with and approval of their faculty
guide. The choice of the research labs/industry/recognized institution should be
intimated to the Internship / Field Visit / Industrial Visit / Research Knowledge
Updating activity coordinator before commencement of the Internship / Field Visit /
Industrial Visit / Research Knowledge Updating activity. Simultaneously, students
should also have identified a guide within the research labs/industry/recognized
institution (industry guide) under whose supervision and guidance they would carry
out their Internship / Field Visit / Industrial Visit / Research Knowledge Updating
Activity Program.
4. Students are expected to learn about the history of the research labs, industry, and
recognized institution during their time. They must also learn about its founders or
shareholders, the nature of business, organizational structure, reporting
relationships, and how the various management functions (such as finance, HR,
marketing, sales, and operations) operate. This list is merely illustrative and not
comprehensive. Students should collect and gather as much as possible of written
materials, published data, and related matter.
5. Before leaving the research labs/industry/recognized institution, obtain the
Internship / Field Visit / Industrial Visit / Research Knowledge Updating Activity
Programme completion certificate on the letterhead of a research lab/industry/, or
an accredited institution.
6. Maintain Internship / Field Visit / Industrial Visit / Research Knowledge Updating
Activity Programme record with details on activities and personal learning during
their project period.
7. The department head and the coordinator of the Internship / Field Visit /
Industrial Visit / Research Knowledge Updating activity programme form a
committee to ensure that the Internship / Field Visit / Industrial Visit / Research
Knowledge Updating activity is followed.
8. At least two copies of the report must be prepared by the intern at the conclusion of
the Internship / Field Visit / Industrial Visit / Research Knowledge Updating activity
programone for submission to the college and one copy for the student. If the
organization, the guide, or both request additional copies, more copies may be made.
The sources from which the information was gathered should be made crystal
apparent in the report. Every page needs to have a number, which should be centred
at the bottom of the page. All tables, figures, and appendices must be appropriately
labelled and consecutively numbered or lettered. The report must be printed, bound
Page 49 of 91
(ideally with soft binding), and contain at least 25 pages.
9. The Internship / Field Visit / Industrial Visit / Research Knowledge Updating activity
training report should be submitted to the department within a month from the date of
commencement of third semester.
However, such submission shall not be accepted after the end of third semester
Examinations.
2
Guidelines to field visits (during Third semester)
1. Students are required to complete at least three field visits from the following
options
i. One - Central Research Institute/ State Agriculture Research Institute
ii. One – Nationally recognized Herbarium/Botanical Garden/ Museum relevant to
Botany
iii. One – Sanctuary/ Biosphere reserve/National Park
The field visit completion certificate should be signed by the Principal, HOD and
Programme Coordinator.
3
Guidelines to industrial visits (during Third semester)
Students are required to complete at least three industrial visits
The visiting companies shall be relevant and suitable ones according to the
specialization and academic requirements.
Industrial visit shall fall within the stipulated period set by the Department.
Students should apply to HoD well in advance to enable to go through a diligent
process including communicating to the potential companies and obtaining
permission to visit.
Participating students must be given an undertaking that they will abide by the rules
and guidelines throughout the industrial visit.
Students undergoing Industrial visit should compulsorily carry college ID card.
The heads of department should also ensure prior permission for the industrial visit
and gain written permission from one of the parents or the local guardian for each
student.
It is compulsory that all students must submit a detailed report to the department.
After the completion of the visit, the signed Letter of Intent and the report of the visit
with a GIS photograph needs to be submitted to the Industrial Visit Coordinator.
4
Guidelines for Research Knowledge Updating Activity Programme
Students should undergo training in any research topic for a specific field of interest
relevant to Botany. Student does some research work on the topic.
Based on his/her training/knowledge obtained, the student should publish a paper in a
reputed journal and present one paper at the national/international seminar.
Students should participate at least two national/international level
seminars/conferences/workshops.
The Research knowledge updating activity programme completion certificate should be
Page 50 of 91
signed by the Principal, HOD and faculty in-charge.
II
Evaluation of the Internship / Field Visit / Industrial Visit / Research Knowledge
Updating activity:
i. The Internship / Field Visit / Industrial Visit / Research Knowledge Updating
activity program will be assessed by the assigned Internship / Field Visit /
Industrial Visit / Research Knowledge Updating Activity Programme
Coordinator from the host institute.
ii. Evaluation will be done by the Internship / Field Visit / Industrial Visit /
Research Knowledge Updating Activity Programme Coordinator of the host
institute and through seminar presentation/viva-voce.
iii. The presentation should be specific, clear and well analyzed, and indicate the
specific sources of information.
According to the statement of the draft the evaluation of the interns will be done as per
the sincerity and research output of the students. In addition, the evaluation will also be
assessed according to the activity of the log book, format of presentation, quality of the
report made by the interns, uniqueness, skill sets and evaluation report of the Internship /
Field Visit / Industrial Visit / Research Knowledge Updating activity coordinator.
III
College Guide Manual – Summer Internship / Field Visit / Industrial Visit /
Research Knowledge Updating Activity Program
1. The Internship / Field Visit / Industrial Visit / Research Knowledge Updating
Activity Programme Coordinator should give proper procedures to the intern
before and after the Internship / Field Visit / Industrial Visit / Research
Knowledge Updating activity.
2. The Internship / Field Visit / Industrial Visit / Research Knowledge Updating
Activity Programme Coordinator should interact with the research
labs/industry/recognized institution at least once before completion of the
Internship / Field Visit / Industrial Visit / Research Knowledge Updating
activity.
The weekly report submitted by the student should be reviewed and reported to the
Internship / Field Visit / Industrial Visit / Research Knowledge Updating Activity
Programme coordinator.
IV
Internal:50 marks
Internship / Field Visit / Industrial Visit / Research Knowledge Updating
activity Programme Completion certificate -10 marks
Attendance/ documentation in field/observation note book –10 marks
Internship / Field Visit / Industrial Visit / Research Knowledge Updating
activity report - 10 marks
Basic knowledge and Presentation Skills - assessed by group discussion with
their classmates - 10 marks
Topic of Interest/ lab involvement and record/ Experimentation/data collection-
10 marks
Page 51 of 91
External: 50 Marks
Powerpoint presentation – 20 marks
Knowledge, Attitude - 10 marks
Completion certificate and report with GIS photographs – 10 marks
Discussion/Viva-voce - 10 marks
V
CONTENTS OF THE REPORT
Title page
Page for Supervisory Committee
Declaration by student
Acknowledgement
Internship / Field Visit / Industrial Visit / Research Knowledge Updating
Activity Certificate
Executive Summary
Introduction of the Report
Overview of the Organization
What I have Learned
Analyses
(GPS Photographs showing date and time should attached)
Summary
Recommendations and Conclusion
References
Appendices
Course outcomes:
On completion of this course, the students will be able to: CO
Programme
outcomes
1. For students in those pertinent core areas, the Internship / Field Visit
/ Industrial Visit / Research Knowledge Updating activity is
preparing them to become professionals after graduation.
K1
2. Compile data and familiarize yourself with techniques for planning
and carrying out tests.
K2
3. Collect data and educate yourself on how to analyze the results of
your scientific studies.
K3& K5
4. This in-the-moment industrial exposure helps them become more
knowledgeable and skilled in the latest technology.
K4
5. Improving communication skills and coming up with creative ideas
are crucial components of training that help someone become an
entrepreneur.
K5 & K6
Extended Professional Component (is a
part ofinternal component only,not to be
included in the External Examination
question paper)
Questions related to the above topics, from various
competitive examinations UPSC/TRB/NET/UGC–
CSIR/ GATE/TNPSC/others to be solved
(To be discussed during the Tutorial hour)
Skills acquired from this
course
Knowledge, Problem Solving, Analytical ability,
Professional Competency, Professional
Communication and Transferrable Skill
Page 52 of 91
Recommended Text:
1. Dawson, C. 2002. Practical research methods. UBS Publishers, New Delhi.
2. Stapleton, P., Yondeowei, A., Mukanyange, J., Houten, H. 1995. Scientific writing for
agricultural research scientists – a training reference manual. West Africa Rice Development
Association, Hong Kong.
Mapping with Programme Outcomes:
COs
PO1
PO2
PO3
PO4
PO5
PSO1
PSO2
PSO3
PSO4
PSO5
CO1
3
3
3
1
3
3
3
3
3
2
CO2
3
3
3
3
3
3
2
1
3
3
CO3
3
3
3
3
3
3
2
1
3
3
CO4
3
2
3
3
3
3
3
2
3
3
CO5
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
2
3
S-Strong (3) M-Medium (2) L-Low (1)
Page 53 of 91
II YEAR – IV SEMESTER
CORE XVI - PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND PLANT METABOLISM
Title of the Course
PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND PLANT METABOLISM
Paper Number
CORE - XVI
Category
Core
Year
II
Credits
5
Course Code
Semester
IV
Instructional Hours
Per week
Lecture
Tutorial
Lab Practice
Total
3
2
-
5
Pre-requisite
Basic knowledge on physiological processes in plants.
Learning objectives
1. To acquire knowledge on the functional aspects of plants.
2. To understand the biophysical and biochemical processes of plants.
3. To study the metabolism of plants.
4. To learn the plant growth regulations.
5. To know the adaptive mechanisms of plants in adverse environmental
conditions.
UNIT
CONTENTS
I
Water Relations: Physical and chemical properties of water – Components of water
potential - Plasmolysis - Apoplast and Symplast concept - water transport through
the xylem –– Transpiration - stomatal structure and function – mechanism of
stomatal movement – antitranspirants - mineral nutrition – essential nutrients –
macro and micro nutrients – deficiencies and plant disorders –translocation of
solutes – pathways and mechanisms. Phloem loading and unloading
II
Photosynthesis: The physical nature of light – the absorption and fate of light energy
– absorption and action spectra- Ultrastructure of Chloroplast; Photosynthetic
Electron Transport and Photophosphorylation (cyclic and noncyclic): Light
Harvesting complexes - Photosystem I & II and Oxidation of Water; Chemiosmosis
theory - Carbon metabolism: C3, C4 and CAM pathways and their distinguishing
features - photorespiration and its significance.
III
Plant respiration – Glycolysis – TCA cycle– Electron Transport – oxidative
phosphorylation and ATP synthesis - Pentose Phosphate Pathway – Respiration and
its significance in crop improvement. Nitrogen fixation (Biological - symbiotic and
non-symbiotic), Physiological role of nitrogen fixation
IV
Growth and development – Phases of plant growth – growth types- Growth
substances - Auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, abscisic acid, ethylene,
brassinosteroids - physiological effect and mechanism of action in agricultural and
horticultural crops –Photoperiodism – classification of plants and mechanism of
flowering – Phytochrome and their action on flowering – Vernalization- Mechanism
and its practical application, biological rhythms. Movements in plants. Seed
dormancy and causes and seed germination and their biochemical changes. Plant
senescence –Types and mechanism of senescence-
Abscission: Morphological and biochemical changes – Significance. Fruit ripening-
Biochemical, Physiological changes and control of fruit ripening. Plant response to
environmental stress: Biotic and Abiotic stress – Water, temperature, light and
Page 54 of 91
V
salinity- Adaptive mechanism to various stresses (avoidance, escape, tolerance)–
stress responsive proteins – anti-oxidative mechanism.
Course Outcomes
CO
Course outcomes – on completion of this course, the students will be
able to
Programme
outcomes
CO 1
Relate understand properties and importance of water in biological
system, nutrients and its translocation.
K1, K2
K3
CO 2
Demonstrate the importance of light in plant growth and the harvest
of energy.
K1, K2
K5, K6
CO 3
Explain the energy requirement and nitrogen metabolism.
K1, K2
K3, K4
CO 4
Compare the various growth regulators that influence plant growth.
K1, K2
K3, K4
CO 5
Discuss the senescence and plant response to environmental stress.
K1, K2
K3, K5
Extended Professional Component (is a part
of internal component only, Not to be
included in the External Examination
question paper)
Questions related to the above topics, from various
competitive examinations UPSC / TRB / NET /
UGC – CSIR / GATE / TNPSC / others to be
solved (To be discussed during the Tutorial hour)
Skills acquired from this course
Knowledge, Problem Solving, Analytical ability,
Professional Competency, Professional
Communication and Transferrable Skill
Recommended texts
1. Gauch, H.G.1972. Inorganic Plant Nutrition. Hutchinson & Dowd. New York.
2. Govindji. 1982. Photosynthesis. AP. New York.
3. Jacob, W.P. 1979. Plant Hormones and Plant Development. Cambridge University Press.
Cambrigde
4. Khan, A.A. 1982. The Physiology and Biochemistry of Seed development, Dormancy and
Germination. Elesiver. Amsterdam.
5. Salisbury, F. B.C.W. Ross.1991. Plant Physiology. Wassworth Pub. Co. Belmont.
6. Ting, I.P. 1982.Plant Physiology. Addison Wesley Pb. Philippines.
7. Sage, R and R.K. Monson (eds). 1999. The Biology of C4 Plants AP New York.
8. Postgate, J. 1987. Nitrogen Fixation. 2nd Edition Cassel, London.
9. Lincoln Taiz, Eduardo Zeiger, Ian Max Moller and Angus Murphy. 2015. Plant Physiology.
6th Ed., Sinauer Associates.
10. Stacey, G.R.H. Burris and Evans, H.J. 1992. Biological Nitrogen Fixation. Chapman and Hall,
New York
11. Mann, J. 1987. Secondary Metabolism Clarendron Press, Oxford.
12. Jain, V.K. 2017. Plant Physiology, S.Chand & Company Ltd. New Delhi.
Page 55 of 91
13. Lincoln, T, Eduardo, Z, Ian Max, M, and Angus, M. 2018. Fundamentals of Plant Physiology.
Sinauer Associates Inc., US.
14. Pandey, N.S and Pandey, P. 2016. Textbook of Plant Physiology. Daya Publishing House,
New Delhi.
15. Taiz, L. Zeiger, E., Moller, I.M and Murphy, A. 2015. Plant Physiology and Development
6th Edition. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, CT.
16. Guowei Li Veronique Santoni ChristopheMaurel. 2014. Plant aquaporins: Roles in plant
physiology. Biochimica et al. Biophysica Acta (BBA) - General Subjects Volume 1840, Issue
5, Pages 1574-1582.
Reference Books
1. Bidwell, R.G.S. 1974. Plant Physiology, Macmillan Publisher, Boston.
2. Devlin, R.M. 1996. Plant Physiology, PWS publisher, Boston.
3. Jain, V.K. 2017. Fundamentals of Plant Physiology. Chand & Company Ltd., New Delhi.
4. Gontia. 2016. A textbook of Plant Physiology. Satish Serial publishing House, New Delhi.
5. Leopold, A.C, 1994. Plant Growth and Development, McGraw Hill, New York.
6. Lincoln Taiz et al., 2014. Plant Physiology and Development. Sinauver Associates Inc.
Publishers, Sunderland, Massachusetts.
7. Moore, T.C. 1989. Biochemistry and Physiology of Plant Hormones (2nd Edition).
SpringerVerlag, New York, USA.
8. Noggle, R.G and Fritz, G.J. 2010. Introductory Plant Physiology, PHI Learning Pvt Ltd,
New Delhi.
9. Park S. Nobel. 2005. Physicochemical and Environmental Plant Physiology. Elsevier
Academic Press, New York.
10. Panda, S.K, 2005. Advances in Stress Physiology of Plants. Scientific Publishers India,
Jodhpur.
11. Salisbury, F.B and Cleon Ross, 2007. Plant Physiology, Wadsworth Publishing Company,
Belimont.
12. Shinha. R.K. 2007. Modern Plant Physiology. Ane Books India, New Delhi.
13. William G. Hopkins, 1999. Introduction to Plant Physiology, John Wiley and sons, INC,
New York.
14. Heldt, H.W. 2005. Plant Biochemistry, 3
rd
Edition. Elsevier Academic Press
Web resources
1. https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agriculture-and0biological-sciences/plant-physiology.
2. https://learn.careers360.com/biology/plant-physiology-chapter/
3. https://www.biologydiscussion.com/plants/plant-physiology/top-6-processes-of-
plant- physiology/24154.
4. https://apan.net/meetings/apan45/files/17/17-01-01-01.pdf
5. https://basicbiology.net/plants/physiology
6. https://learn.careers360.com/biology/plant-physiology-chapter/4
7. https://swayam.gov.in/nd2_cec20_bt01/preview
8. https://www.nature.com/subjects/plant-physiology
Page 56 of 91
Mapping with Programme Outcomes:
COs
PO1
PO2
PO3
PO4
PO5
PSO1
PSO2
PSO3
PSO4
PSO5
CO1
3
3
1
3
2
1
2
2
3
2
CO2
3
3
2
2
3
3
2
3
2
3
CO3
2
2
3
3
1
2
1
3
3
1
CO4
3
3
3
3
3
2
3
3
3
3
CO5
3
3
2
3
2
3
3
3
3
2
S-Strong (3) M-Medium (2) L-Low (1)
Page 57 of 91
CORE XVII - BIOCHEMISTRY & APPLIED BIOTECHNOLOGY
Title of the Course
BIOCHEMISTRY & APPLIED BIOTECHNOLOGY
Paper Number
Core - XVII
Category
Core
Year
II
Credits
5
Course Code
Semester
IV
Instructional Hours
Per week
Lecture
Tutorial
Lab Practice
Total
3
2
-
5
Pre-requisite
Basic knowledge on primary and secondary plant metabolites and
enzymes. To empower students recognize and appreciate the basic
principles that sustain biotechnology as an interdisciplinary domain of
learning and research.
Learning Objectives
1. To study the fundamentals and significance of Plant Biochemistry.
2. To know the structure and properties of plant biomolecules.
3. To learn the fundamental and applications of Plant Biotechnology.
4. To study the mechanism of enzyme action and inhibition.
5. To expose the students on the fundaments of genetic
transformation.
UNIT
CONTENTS
I
Atomic structure: chemical bonds - ionic bond, covalent bond, coordinate covalent
bond, hydrogen bond, hydrogen ion concentration (pH), buffers, acids and bases.
Thermodynamics principle, First Law of Thermodynamics a) energy (b) Enthalpy (ii)
second law of thermodynamics (a) Spontaneity and disorder (b) entropy (c) free energy,
redox potential, dissociation and association constant, activation energy, binding
energy. Electromagnetic spectrum, Fluorescence, Phosphorescence, Bioluminescence.
II
Classification of carbohydrates; Structure and properties of monosaccharides,
Oligosaccharides, Polysaccharides – Glycoproteins. Protein and Amino acids: Structure,
Classification and properties; Peptides - Structure: Primary, secondary, tertiary and
quaternary structures. Classification of Lipids: Structure and properties of fatty acids,
phospholipids, glycolipids, lipoproteins, cholesterol - functions.
III
Enzymes- Classification and nomenclature chemical nature of enzymes – factors
affecting enzyme action – Michaelis – Menton constant, MM equation, Enzyme
inhibition, co enzymes- mechanism of enzyme action, isoenzymes. Secondary
metabolites: Structure, classification and properties of alkaloids, steroids, terpenoids,
flavonoids, glycosides - their role.
IV
Selection and characterization of transgenic plants using selectable and reportable
markers; PCR; qRT-PCR; Southern, Northern, ELISA and Western techniques;
Agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated and biolistic plant transformation; Virus and
Bacteria based transient gene expression systems. Virus induced gene complementation,
induced gene silencing. Cytoplasmic male sterility and fertility restoration, terminator
Seed technology, antisense technology for delayed fruit ripening, Plants as factories for
useful products and pharmaceuticals.
Screening of Biotransformants - Fermentation techniques - Types. Industrial production
Page 58 of 91
V
of enzymes-amylase, protease & lipase and their applications. Immobilization for
enzymes production. Antibiotic Penicillin production. Amino acid - Glutamic acid
production. Production of Alcohol and Xanthan Gum. Bioreactors for culturing plant
cells and production of secondary metabolites. Bioremediation - In situ and ex situ.
Course Outcomes
CO
on completion of this course, the students will be able to
Programme
outcomes
CO 1
Knowledge on the fundamentals and significance of Plant
Biochemistry
K1
CO 2
Understanding on the structure and properties of plant biomolecules.
K2
CO 3
Explain the role of enzymes in plants.
K3
CO 4
Compare and contrast the methods of transgenic plants production
and natural plants.
K4
CO 5
Discuss and develop skills for effective utilization of microbial/plant
enzymes and their role in biological cells
K5 &
K6
Extended Professional Component (is a part
of internal component only, Not to be
included in the External Examination
question paper)
Questions related to the above topics, from various
competitive examinations UPSC / TRB / NET /
UGC – CSIR / GATE / TNPSC / others to be
solved (To be discussed during the Tutorial hour)
Skills acquired from this course
Knowledge, Problem Solving, Analytical ability,
Professional Competency, Professional
Communication and Transferrable Skill
Recommended Text:
1. Satyanarayana, U and chakrapani, U. 2005. Biochemistry, Books and Allied (P) Ltd. Calcutta.
2. A.L. Lehninger, D.L. Nelson & M.M. Cox. 1993. Principles of Biochemistry. Worth
Publishers, New York.
3. Stryer, L. 1994. Biochemistry. Freeman & Co, New York.
4. Zubay, G. 1988. Biochemistry. 1988 Macmillan Publishing Co, New York.
5. Harold, F.M. 1986. The vital force: A study of Bioenergetics. Freeman & Co, New York.
6. Jain, J.L. 2005. Fundamentals of Biochemistry. S. Chand & Co. New Delhi.
7. Lehninger, A.L. 1982. Principles of biochemistry, CBS Publication. Halford, N. 2015. Plant
Biotechnology: Current and Future Applications of Genetically Modified crops, John Wiley
and Sons.
8. Kumar, Pradeep. 2018. Advances in Microbial Biotechnology: Current Trends and Future
Prospects. 10.1201/9781351248914.
Reference Books
1. Bonner, J. and Warner, W.H. 1961. Plant Biochemistry. Academic Press. Inv. New York.
2. Gupta, S.N. 2016. Biochemistry Rastogi Publications, Meerut.
3. Satyanarayana, U. and Chakkrapani, U. 2013. Biochemistry. Elsevier India Pvt. Ltd & Books
Allied Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi.
Page 59 of 91
4. Nelson, D.L. and Cox, M.M. 2017. Lehninger’s Principles of Biochemistry, Prentice Hall,
International N.J, 7th Edition.
5. Heldt, H-W. 2005. Plant Biochemistry, 3
rd
Edition. Elsevier Academic Press.
6. Buchanan, B.B., Grissem, W. and Jones, R.L. 2000. Biochemistry and molecular biology of
plants. 5th Edition. Wiley-Blackwell.
7. Jain, J.L., Jain, S. and Jain, N. 2016. Fundamentals of Biochemistry. Chand Publishing, New
Delhi.
8. Chawla, H.S. 2009. Introduction to Biotechnology, 2nd edn. Oxford IBH, ISBN:978-81-204-
1732-8.
9. Halford, N. 2015. Plant Biotechnology: Current and Future Applications of Genetically
Modified Crops, John Wiley and Sons.
Web sources:
1. http://priede.bf.lu.lv/grozs/AuguFiziologijas/Augu_biokimija/Plant%20Biochemistry 204.pdf
2. http://www.brainkart.com/subject/Plant-Biochemistry_257/
3. https://swayam.gov.in/nd2_cec20_bt12/preview
4. https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/660639v2
5. https://www.scribd.com/document/378882955/
6. https://nptel.ac.in/courses/102/107/102107075/
7. https://plantae.org/plant-physiology-top-articles-of-2020-based-on- altmetric-scores/
8. https://britannica.com/technology/biotechnolog/
9. https://manavrachna.edu.in/blog/scope-of-biotechnology/
Mapping with Programme Outcomes:
COs
PO1
PO2
PO3
PO4
PO5
PSO1
PSO2
PSO3
PSO4
PSO5
CO1
3
3
1
3
2
1
2
2
3
1
CO2
3
3
2
2
3
3
2
3
2
3
CO3
3
2
3
3
1
2
1
3
3
1
CO4
3
3
3
3
3
2
3
1
3
3
CO5
3
3
2
3
2
3
3
1
3
2
S-Strong (3) M-Medium (2) –Low (1)
Page 60 of 91
CORE XVIII - LABORATORY COURSE 7
Title of the Course
LABORATORY COURSE 7
Covering Core paper XVI
Paper Number
CORE XVIII
Category
Core
Year
II
Credits
2
Course Code
Semester
IV
Instructional Hours
Per week
Lecture
Tutorial
Lab Practice
Total
-
-
2
2
Pre-requisite
Practicals pertaining to above subjects are important to get knowledge on
various physiological functions of plants.
Learning Objectives
1. Extract bimolecule of diverse nature from different sources so that they
will be able to assess the metabolic profile of their source material.
2. Recognize the role that water plays in several physiological processes
in plants.
3. To learn the fundamental and applications of Plant Biotechnology.
4. Learn about chromatographic techniques.
5. Expose the students to gain recent advances in molecular biology.
UNIT
EXPERIMENTS
I
1, Determination of water potential using gravimetric method.
2. Effect of pH on protoplasmic membrane.
3. Effect of detergent on protoplasmic membrane.3.
II
1. Separation of chloroplast pigments using column chromatographic technique.
2. Experiment to study the rate of Hill activity of isolated chloroplast by dye-
reduction.
3. Extraction and determination of chlorophyll a /chlorophyll b ratio in C3 and C4
plants.
III
1. Colorimetric estimation of starch
2. Estimation of proline in stressed and non-stressed leaf samples
3. In vivo assay for nitrate reductase in C3 and C4 leaf tissues
IV
Demonstration experiments
1. Dilatometer
2. Potato Osmoscope
3. Measurement of root pressure
4. Four leaf experiment
5. Thistle funnel experiment
6. Arc auxanometer
V
Spotters – Photographs/diagrams
1. Avena curvature test, Bolting effect, Munch hypothesis, Emerson red drop/
enhancement effect, action and absorption spectrum
2. Movements in plants – Thigmotropism, Phototropism, Seismonastic,
Thigmonastic, Photonastic
Course outcomes
Page 61 of 91
CO
on completion of this course, the students will be able to
Programme
outcomes
CO 1
Perform quantitative tests for photosynthetic pigments
K1
CO 2
Develop skill on the plant physiology experimental analysis
K2
CO 3
Understanding on the basic principles of physiology by doing
demonstration experiments
K1 & K3
CO 4
Got hands on training on the chromatographic technique
K4
CO 5
Evaluate the theory and practical skills gained during the course
and create idea to seek for suitable job in relevant industries
K5 & K6
Extended Professional Component (is a
part of internal component only, Not to be
included in the External Examination
question paper)
Questions related to the above topics, from various
competitive examinations UPSC / TRB / NET /
UGC – CSIR / GATE / TNPSC / others to be
solved (To be discussed during the Tutorial hour)
Skills acquired from this course
Knowledge, Problem Solving, Analytical ability,
Professional Competency, Professional
Communication and Transferrable Skill
Recommended texts
1. Bendre, A.M. and Ashok Kumar, 2009. A textbook of practical Botany. Vol.I & II. Rastogi
Publication. Meerut. 9
th
Edition.
2. Manju Bala, Sunita Gupta, Gupta NK. 2012. Practicals in Plant Physiology and
Biochemistry. Scientific Publisher.
3. Poonam Sharma – Natu, Vijay Paul and P.S. Deshmukh. 2021. Laboratory manual
Experimental Plant Physiology. Division of Plant Physiology, Indian Agricultural Research
Institute, New Delhi.
4. Singh, A.K Anand Kumar Pandey and Ankit Singh 2020 Laboratory Manual of Plant
Physiology AkiNik Publications, 169, C-11, Sector-3, Rohini-110085, New Delhi, India.
5. Samaiya Subrata Sharma R. K., Gyanendra Tiwari, R. Shivraj krishnan, Sunil Pandey, Preeti
Sagar Nayak 2022 A Practical Manual on Fundamentals of Plant Physiology BFC
Publications Pvt. Ltd CP – 61, Viraj Khanad, Gomti Nagar, Lucknow, UP 226010.
Reference books:
1. Rajesh Kumar Asok Kumar Bera, Bandana Bose (2023) PG Practical Manual Experimental
Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Manual Jain Brothers 16/873, East Park Road, Karol
Bagh, Near Dr. N.C. Joshi Hospital, New Delhi-110 005
2. Bala, M., Gupta, S., Gupta, N.K and Sangha, M.K. 2013. Practicals in plant physiology and
biochemistry. Scientific Publishers (India).
3. Bendre, A. M and Ashok Kumar. 2009. A textbook of Practical Botany. Vol. I & II. Rastogi
Publication. Meerut. 9
th
Edition.
Page 62 of 91
Web resources
1. https://www.amazon.in/Laboratory-Manual-Physiology-Mukesh-Amaregouda/dp
/6133993502
2. https://www.kopykitab.com/A-Laboratory-Manual-of-Plant-Physiology-Biochemistry-and-
Ecology-by-Akhtar-Inam
3. https://www.srcollege.edu.in/temp/lms/Manuals/Practical-IV.pdf
4. https://www.rlbcau.ac.in/pdf/Forestry/FBT-111%20%20Plant%20Physiology.pdf
5. https://jru.edu.in/studentcorner/lab-manual/agriculture/Fundamentals%20of%20Crop
%20Physiology.pdf
6. https://www.google.com/search?q=plant+physiology+practical+manual+pdf&oq=PLANT+P
HYSIOLOGY+PAFACTICA%3B&aqs=chrome.1.69i57j0i13i512l3j0i13i30j0i8i13i30j0i390i
512i650l4.15177j0j15&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8#ip=1
Mapping with Programme Outcomes:
COs
PO1
PO2
PO3
PO4
PO5
PSO1
PSO2
PSO3
PSO4
PSO5
CO1
3
3
1
3
2
1
2
2
3
3
CO2
3
3
2
2
3
3
2
3
2
3
CO3
3
2
3
3
1
2
1
3
1
3
CO4
3
3
3
3
3
2
3
3
3
3
CO5
3
3
2
3
2
3
3
3
3
3
S - Strong (3) M-Medium (2) L-Low (1)
Page 63 of 91
CORE XIX - LABORATORY COURSE 8
Title of the
Course
LABORATORY COURSE - 8
Covering Core paper XVII
Paper Number
CORE XIX
Category
Core
Year
II
Credits
2
Course Code
Semester
IV
Instructional Hours
Per week
Lecture
Tutorial
Lab Practice
Total
-
-
2
2
Pre-requisite
Practicals pertaining to above subjects are important to get knowledge on
various physiological functions of plants.
Learning
Objectives
1. Extract bimolecule of diverse nature from different sources so that they
will be able to assess the metabolic profile of their source material.
2. Recognize the role that water plays in several physiological processes in
plants.
3. To learn the fundamental and applications of Plant Biotechnology.
4. Learn about chromatographic techniques.
5. Expose the students to gain recent advances in molecular biology.
UNIT
EXPERIMENTS
I
1. Preparation of normal (NaOH), percentage (NaCl, HCl), ppm (NaCl) and molar
(NaOH, Sucrose) solutions
2. Preparation standard graph for protein, sugar and amino acids
3. Estimation of protein content by Lowry method
4. Estimation of amino acids by ninhydrine method
II
1. Estimation of sugar by anthrone method
2. Estimation of total phenol content by Folin Ciocalteu Method
3. Estimation of flavonoid
4. Estimation of ascorbic acid
III
1. Extraction of caffeine from coffee
2. Separation of amino acids using paper chromatographic technique.
3. Separation of lipids by TLC
4. Determination of saponification number of edible oil
IV
Spotters
1. Ssecondary, tertiary and quaternary structures of protein
2. Michaelis–Menten kinetics, pH scale
3. Images of chemical bonds, Fluorescence, Phosphorescence
4. Mechanism of enzyme action – lock and key hypothesis, induced fit theory
V
Spotters
1. Study of basic equipments used in biotechnology laboratory – Hot air oven,
Laminar air flow chamber, PCR, Refrigerated centrifuge, Transilluminator,
Autoclave, Gel-Doc, Fermenter
2. Agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated transformation of plants
3. Biolistic gene gun method of plant transformation
Page 64 of 91
4. Cytoplasmic male sterility, antisense technology.
Course outcomes
CO
on completion of this course, the students will be able to
Programme
outcomes
CO 1
Knowledge on the fundamentals and significance of Plant
Biochemistry
K1
CO 2
Understanding on the structure and properties of plant biomolecules.
K2
CO 3
Explain the role of enzymes in plants.
K1&K3
CO 4
Compare and contrast the methods of transgenic plants production
and natural plants.
K4
CO 5
Discuss and develop skills for effective utilization of microbial/plant
enzymes and their role in biological cells
K5 & K6
Extended Professional Component (is a
part of internal component only, Not to be
included in the External Examination
question paper)
Questions related to the above topics, from various
competitive examinations UPSC / TRB / NET /
UGC – CSIR / GATE / TNPSC / others to be
solved (To be discussed during the Tutorial hour)
Skills acquired from this course
Knowledge, Problem Solving, Analytical ability,
Professional Competency, Professional
Communication and Transferrable Skill
Recommended Text:
1. Plummer, D. 1988.An introduction to Practical Biochemistry, Tata McGraw–Hill Publishing
Company Ltd., New Delhi.
2. Palanivelu, P. 2004. Laboratory Manual for analytical biochemistry and separation
techniques, School of Biotechnology, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai.
3. Jayaraman. J. 1981.Laboratory Manual in Biochemistry. Whiley Eastern Limited, New Delhi.
4. Bendre, A.M. and Ashok Kumar, 2009. A textbook of practical Botany. Vol.I & II. Rastogi
Publication. Meerut. 9
th
Edition.
5. Manju Bala, Sunita Gupta, Gupta NK. 2012. Practicals in PlantPhysiology and Biochemistry.
Scientific Publisher.
6. Joy, P.P., Surya, S and Aswathy, C. 2015. Laboratory Manual of Biochemistry, Agricultural
University, Pineapple Research Station, Ernakulam, Kerala.
7. George M Malacinski. 2015. Freifelders Essentials of Molecular Biology (4th ed.) Jones &
Bartlett.
8. Gupta P.K. 2017. Cell and Molecular Biology (5th ed.), Rastogi Publications, Meerut.
9. Kumar, H.D. 2007. Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Vikas Publishing House, New
Delhi.
10. Shivakumar, S. 2002. Molecular analysis: Laboratory Manual University Press, Palkalai
Nagar, Madurai, India.
Page 65 of 91
Reference books
1. Bala, M., Gupta, S., Gupta, N.K and Sangha, M.K. 2013. Practicals in plant physiology and
biochemistry. Scientific Publishers (India).
2. Wilson, K and J. Walker (Eds). 1994. Principles and Techniques of Practical Biochemistry
(4
th
Edition) Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
3. Bendre, A. Mand Ashok Kumar. 2009. A textbook of practical Botany. Vol.I & II. Rastogi
Publication. Meerut. 9
th
Edition.
4. Wilson, K and J. Walker. 2005. Principles and Techniques of Practical Biochemistry, 5
th
Edition. Cambridge University press, New York.
5. Rodney Boyer. 2000. Modern Experimental Biochemistry, 3
rd
Edition. Published by Addison
Wesley Longman. Singapore.
6. Glick, B.R and J.E. Thompson. 1993. Methods in Plant Molecular Biology and
Biotechnology. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida.
7. Glover, D.M and B.D. Hames (Eds). 1995. DNA cloning 1: A Practical Approach; Core
Techniques, 2nd edition PAS, IRL press at Oxford University Press, Oxford.
8. Hackett, P.B. and J.A. Fuchs, J.W. Messing. 1988. An Introduction to Recombinant DNA
Techniques: Basic Experiments in Gene Manipulation. The Benjamin/ Cummings Publishing
Co., Inc Menlo Park, California. 8. Hall, RD. (Ed).1999. Plant Cell Culture Protocols.
Humana Press, New Jersey.
9. Gelvin, S.B., Schilperoort, R.A. (Eds.). 2000. Plant Molecualr Biology Manual.
Web resources:
1. file:///C:/Users/User/Downloads/2021%20Botany%20Syllabus%20after%20BoS%20formatt
ed1%20(1).pdf
2. https://kau.in/document/laboratory-manual-biochemistry
3. https://www.amazon.in/Practical-Manual-on-Plant-Biochemistry/dp/6200539790
4. https://www.kopykitab.com/A-Laboratory-Manual-of-Plant-Physiology-Biochemistry-
and-Ecology-by-Akhtar-Inam
5. https://www.kopykitab.com/Cell-And-Molecular-Biology-A-Lab-Manual-by-K-V-
Chaitanya
Mapping with Programme Outcomes:
COs
PO1
PO2
PO3
PO4
PO5
PSO1
PSO2
PSO3
PSO4
PSO5
CO1
3
3
1
3
2
1
2
2
3
3
CO2
3
3
2
2
3
3
2
3
2
3
CO3
3
2
3
3
1
2
1
3
1
3
Page 66 of 91
CO4
3
3
3
3
3
2
3
3
3
3
CO5
3
3
2
3
2
3
3
3
3
3
S-Strong (3) M-Medium (2) L-Low (1)
Page 67 of 91
CORE XX – PROJECT with VIVA-VOCE
Title of the Course
PROJECT with VIVA-VOCE
Paper Number
CORE XX
Category
Core
Year
II
Credits
4
Course Code
Semester
IV
Instructional Hours
Per week
Total
8
Pre-requisite
To allow students to demonstrate the personal abilities and skills required
to produce and present an extended piece of work and as well as to practice
writing thesis.
Learning Objectives
1. To recognize the concept of research and its various forms in the
context of botany.
2. To improve abilities relating to scientific experiments.
3. To become proficient in data collection and the documentation of
scientific findings.
4. To prepare students for entry-level positions or professional training
programmes in any field of Botany.
5. Compare the various reporting and writing styles used in science.
GENERAL GUIDELINES
1. Each student will be allotted a Project Guide from the faculty of the department
concerned by lot method.
2. The topic of the dissertation shall be assigned to the candidate before the
beginning of third semester.
3. After the completion of the project work, the student has to submit four copies of
dissertation with report carrying his / her project report for evaluation by
examiners. After evaluation, one copy is to be retained in the College Library.
4. Project work will be evaluated by both the external and the internal (Project
Guide) examiners for the maximum of 100 marks in total on the scale of the
maximum of 50 marks for the internal and the external each.
5. Viva-Voce will be conducted by the panel comprising, External examiner and
Internal Examiner for the maximum of 100 marks in total on the scale of the
maximum of 50 marks for the internal and the external each.
All the candidates of M.Sc. (Botany) are required to undergo a major project and
submit the following:
1. Dissertation/Thesis based on the work done by the student.
2. Soft copy of the project on CD / DVD.
PROJECT EVALUATION GUIDELINES:
The project is evaluated on the basis of following heads:
For Viva-Voce maximum is 50 marks which will be conducted by both the internal
and external examiners during end semester university practical examinations.
Internal: 50 marks
I Review – Selection of the field of study, topic and literature collection - 15 marks
Page 68 of 91
II Review – Research design and data collection - 20 marks
III Review – Analysis and conclusion, preparation of rough draft – 15 marks
External: 50 marks
Evaluation of project report (30 marks)
Originality of the approach - 10 marks
Neat presentation of report – 10 marks
Results and Discussion – 10 marks
Division of marks for viva (20 marks)
Knowledge on the content - 10 marks
Viva-voce - 10 marks
Suggested areas of work:
Algae, fungi, microbiology, biocontrol agents, plant tissue culture, plant physiology,
phytochemistry, biochemistry, anatomy, plant taxonomy, Ethnobotany, ecology,
sustainable agriculture, herbal formulations, cytogenetics, molecular biology,
biotechnology, bioinformatics, nanotechnology and applied botany.
Methodology:
Each project should contain the following details:
1. Brief introduction on the topic
2. Review of Literature
3. Materials and Methods
4. Results and Discussion – evidences in the form of figures, tables and
photographs.
5. Summary
6. Bibliography
Course outcomes
CO
on completion of this course, the students will be able to
Programme
outcomes
CO 1
For students in those pertinent core areas, the project is preparing
them to become professionals after graduation
K1
CO 2
Compile data and familiarize yourself with techniques for planning
and carrying out tests
K2
CO 3
Collect data and educate yourself on how to evaluate the
analyzed results of your scientific studies
K3 & K5
CO 4
In-the-moment industrial exposure helps them become more
knowledgeable and skilled in the latest technology.
K4
CO 5
Improving communication skills and coming up with creative ideas
are crucial components of training that help someone become an
entrepreneur
K5 &
K6
Extended Professional Component (is a part
of internal component only, Not to be
Questions related to the above topics, from various
competitive examinations UPSC / TRB / NET /
Page 69 of 91
included in the External Examination
question paper)
UGC – CSIR / GATE / TNPSC / others to be
solved (To be discussed during the Tutorial hour)
Skills acquired from this course
Knowledge, Problem Solving, Analytical ability,
Professional Competency, Professional
Communication and Transferrable Skill
Recommended Text:
1. Wilson, Kand J. Walker (Eds). 1994. Principles and Techniques of Practical Biochemistry
(4
th
Edition) Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
2. Bendre, A. M and Ashok Kumar. 2009. A textbook of practical Botany. Vol. I & II. Rastogi
Publication. Meerut. 9
th
Edition.
3. Manju Bala, Sunita Gupta, Gupta, N.K. 2012. Practicals in Plant Physiology and
Biochemistry. Scientific Publisher.
4. Wilson, K and J. Walker. 2005. Principles and Techniques of Practical Biochemistry, 5
th
Edition. Cambridge University press, New York.
5. Rodney Boyer. 2000. Modern Experimental Biochemistry, 3
rd
Edition. Published by Addison
Wesley Longman. Singapore.
Reference Books:
1. Dawson, C. 2002. Practical research methods. UBS Publishers, New Delhi.
2. Stapleton, P., Yondeowei, A., Mukanyange, J., Houten, H. 1995. Scientific writing for
agricultural research scientists – a training reference manual. West Africa Rice
Development Association, Hong Kong.
3. Ruzin, S.E. 1999. Plant microtechnique and microscopy. Oxford University Press, New
York, U.S.A.
4. Wilson and Goulding. 1987. Principles of biochemical techniques, Oxford University
Press.
5. Mukherji, S. and Ghosh, A.K. 2005. Plant Physiology. First Central Edition, New Central
Book Agency (P) Ltd., Kolkata.
6. Taiz, L and Zeiger, E. 2010. Plant Physiology. 5th Edition. Sinauer Associates, USA.
7. Heldt, H.W and Piechulla, B. 2010. Plant Biochemistry, 4th Edition. Academic Press, NY.
8. Wilson, K and Walker, J. 2010. Principles and Techniques of Biochemistry and Molecular
Biology, Seventh edition, Cambridge University Press, USA.
Web resources:
1. https://handbook.monash.edu › units › BIO3011
2. https://www.amazon.in/Practical-Manual-on-Plant-Biochemistry/dp/6200539790
3. https://www.amazon.in/Laboratory-Manual-Physiology-Mukesh-
Amaregouda/dp/6133993502
4. https://www.kopykitab.com/A-Laboratory-Manual-of-Plant-Physiology-Biochemistry-
and-Ecology-by-Akhtar-Inam
Page 70 of 91
5. https://kau.in/document/laboratory-manual-biochemistry
Mapping with Programme Outcomes:
COs
PO1
PO2
PO3
PO4
PO5
PSO1
PSO2
PSO3
PSO4
PSO5
CO1
3
3
3
1
3
3
3
3
3
3
CO2
3
3
3
3
3
3
2
1
3
2
CO3
3
3
3
3
3
3
2
1
3
2
CO4
3
2
3
3
3
3
3
2
3
3
CO5
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
S-Strong (3) M-Medium (2) L- Low (1)
Page 71 of 91
ELECTIVE-VI: 1. ORGANIC FARMING
Title of the Course
ORGANIC FARMING
Paper Number
ELECTIVE VI
Category
Elective
Year
II
Credits
2
Course Code
Semester
IV
Instructional Hours
Per week
Lecture
Tutorial
Lab Practice
Total
2
2
-
4
Pre-requisite
To understand the students about the organic farming.
Learning Objectives
1. To study various aspects of organic farming.
2. To understand the relevance of organic farming, its advantages and
short comings against conventional high input agriculture.
3. To know the importance of organic farming in the present scenario
and its impact on environment and soil health.
4. Awareness on the importance of organic farming in the present
scenario and its impact on environment and soil health.
5. Expose the students to about quality aspect and grading.
UNIT
CONTENTS
I
AGRONOMY:
Organic farming- concept, characteristics, significance, scope of organic farming in
India - Principles and types of organic farming. - Initiative by Govt/NGOs/Other
organizations for promotion of organic farming Operational structure of NPOP
(National Programme for Organic Production) - Concept of dryland agronomy
Organic nutrient resources & their fortification, restriction to nutrient use in organic
farming - Organic production methods for cereals, vegetables and fruit crops
II
SOIL SCIENCE:
Organic farming for sustainable agriculture; Manures- compost, methods of
composting - green manuring, vermicompost and biofertilizer
Harmful effect of non-judicious chemical fertilization - Organic farming practices
for improving soil health. Quality parameters of organic manures and specifications -
Soil fertility in organic farming systems. Manure preparation methodology - Soil
improvement
III
FUNDAMENTAL OF ORGANIC FARM MANAGEMENT:
Land management in organic farming - Water management in organic farming.
Organic insect disease management - Organic pest disease management. Preventive
and cultural methods for insects and pest control - Identification of different fungal
and bacterial biocontrol agents’ Indigenous technical knowledge for insects-pest,
disease - Weed and nutrient management in organic farming
IV
POST HARVEST MANAGEMENT:
Processing, labelling of organic produce - Storage and transport of organic produce.
Post harvest pest and diseases management
V
ORGANIC QUALITY CONTROL STANDARDS:
Certification- types, process & procedure and agencies. Quality aspect and grading -
Packaging and handling. Economic considerations and viability of organic products -
Export of organic product and marketing
Page 72 of 91
Course outcomes
CO
on completion of this course, the students will be able to
Programme
outcomes
CO 1
Knowledge on various aspects of organic farming
K1
CO 2
Understand the relevance of organic farming, its advantages
K2
CO 3
Explain the short comings against conventional high input
agriculture
K3
CO 4
Compare the packaging methods of harvest
K4
CO 5
Discuss and develop skills for post-harvest management
K5 & K6
Extended Professional Component (is a part
of internal component only, Not to be
included in the External Examination
question paper)
Questions related to the above topics, from various
competitive examinations UPSC / TRB / NET /
UGC – CSIR / GATE / TNPSC / others to be
solved (To be discussed during the Tutorial hour)
Skills acquired from this course
Knowledge, Problem Solving, Analytical ability,
Professional Competency, Professional
Communication and Transferrable Skill
Recommended Text:
1. NIIR Board. 2012. The complete Technology Book on Biofertilizer and organic farming. 2nd
Edition. NIIR Project Consultancy Services.
2. Sathe, T.V. 2004. Vermiculture and Organic Farming. Daya publishers.
3. Subba Rao N.S. 2017. Biofertilizers in Agriculture and Forestry. Fourth Edition. Medtech.
4. Vayas, S.C, Vayas, S. and Modi, H.A. 1998. Bio-fertilizers and organic Farming Akta
Prakashan, Nadiad.
5. Singh, S M. 2018. Organic Manure: Sources Preparation and Usage in Farming Lands, Siya
Publishing House
Reference books:
1. Reddy, S.R. 2019. Fundamentals of Agronomy Kalyani Publications, Uttar Pradesh
2. Tolanur, S. 2018. Fundamentals of Soil Science II
nd
Edition, CBS Publishers, New Delhi
3. Reddy, S.R. 2017. Principles of Organic Farming Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi
4. Dongarjal, R.P and Zade, S.B. 2019. Insect Ecology and Integrated Pest Management Akinik
Publications, New Delhi.
5. Ahmad Mehraban. 2013. The Basis of Organic Fertilizers, LAP LAMBERT Academic
Publishing.
Web resources
1. https://www.amazon.in/Healthy-earth-organic-Hari-prasad-ebook/dp/B08L5KFKDV
2. https://www.kobo.com/in/en/ebook/organic-farming-for-sustainable-agriculture
3. https://www.elsevier.com/books/organic-farming/chandran/978-0-12-813272-2
4. https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-04657-6
5. https://www.afrimash.com/product-category/livestock-section/book/organic-farming-ebooks/
Page 73 of 91
Mapping with Programme Outcomes:
COs
PO1
PO2
PO3
PO4
PO5
PSO1
PSO2
PSO3
PSO4
PSO5
CO1
3
3
1
3
2
1
2
2
1
2
CO2
3
3
2
2
3
3
2
3
3
2
CO3
2
2
3
1
1
2
1
3
2
1
CO4
3
3
3
3
3
2
3
3
2
3
CO5
3
3
2
3
2
3
3
2
3
1
S - Strong (3) M - Medium (2) L - Low (1)
Page 74 of 91
ELECTIVE – VI: 2. FORESTRY AND WOOD TECHNOLOGY
Title of the Course
FORESTRY AND WOOD TECHNOLOGY
Paper Number
ELECTIVE VI
Category
Elective
Year
II
Credits
2
Course Code
Semester
IV
Instructional Hours
Per week
Lecture
Tutorial
Lab Practice
Total
2
2
-
4
Pre-requisite
Prior knowledge on trees, forests and their importance.
Learning Objectives
1. To study various aspects of Forest Botany.
2. To understand the importance and different forests and plants
species.
3. To know the ecological significance of forests.
4. To enable the students to information on forests laws.
5. To raise student awareness of the need to create a sustainable
way of living and the current Global issues with forestry caused
by human interference.
UNIT
CONTENTS
I
Introduction and scope of Forest Botany - General introduction to forests, natural
and manmade. Types of forests tropical, temperate, evergreen, semi evergreen,
deciduous, monoculture, multipurpose, social and industrial. Forest and climate -
Forest and Biodiversity - Forest and gene conservation - Forest and ecosystem - Forest
and civilization. Geographical history of the forest vegetation - natural vs. artificial.
Special emphasizes on social forestry, Industrial forestry and multi-purpose forestry.
Preservation of natural forestry - Pollution control.
II
Forest genetics, Forest physiology, forest ecology – strong interrelationships. Macro-
dynamic ecosystem reserves, hydrological cycles, balance. Identification of timber
plants based on vegetative features. Branching pattern - architectural models of trees.
Major and minor forest products, use and misuse of forests by man, direct and indirect
forest wealth, forest policies, forest protection through peoples committee.
III
Silviculture: concept and scope of study, forest in general form, composition,
classification of world forests and Indian forests. Classification based on its quality
density, tolerance, crown; water cycles of forest. Photosynthetic processes in forest:
nitrogen and mineral nutrition in forests.
IV
Seed dynamics in forest: seed production, dissemination, germination, establishment
and mortality, growth of trees in general terms – height, diameter, volume, growth of
stands – gross increment, net increment, stand reaction to varies types of cuttings.
V
Measurement: definition, direct measurements, direct and indirect estimate, and
prediction. Measurement of diameter – rules and methods, measurement of height –
different rules, methods, instruments, total height and merchantable length.
Measurement of volume – common units, different methods and procedures of volume
measurements. Measurement of age: direct estimate, averages, standard error, and
sampling, General concept of indirect estimate based on one or more independent
variables. Forestry for social and national development. Progress to be achieved in
Page 75 of 91
social forestry, industrial forestry and multiple forestry. Forest Laws- Indian Forest
Act, 1927; Forest conservation Act. Wild Life Protection Act, 1972.
Course outcomes
CO
on completion of this course, the students will be able to
Programme
outcomes
CO 1
Knowledge on various aspects of Forest Botany
K1
CO 2
Understand the importance and of different forests.
K2
CO 3
Analyze the ecological significance of forests
K3
CO 4
To understand the dynamics of the forest.
K4
CO 5
Understanding on various Indian forests laws and acts
K5 &
K6
Extended Professional Component (is a
part of internal component only, Not to be
included in the External Examination
question paper)
Questions related to the above topics, from
various competitive examinations UPSC / TRB
/ NET / UGC – CSIR / GATE / TNPSC / others
to be solved (To be discussed during the
Tutorial hour)
Skills acquired from this course
Knowledge, Problem Solving, Analytical
ability, Professional Competency, Professional
Communication and Transferrable Skill
Recommended Text:
1. Manikandan, K and S. Prabhu. 2013. Indian forestry, a breakthrough approach to forest
service. Jain Bros.
2. Roger Sands. 2013. Forestry in a global context, CAB international.
3. Balakathiresan.S.1986.Essentials of Forest Management. Natraj Publishers, Dehradun.
4. Agarwala, V.P. 1990. Forests in India, Environmental and Protection Frontiers. Oxford & IBH
Publishing Co. New Delhi.
5. Chundawat, B.S. and Gautham, S.K. 1996. Text book of Agro forestry. Oxford and IBH
publisher, New Delhi.
6. Singhi, G.B. 1987. Forest Ecology of India, Publisher: Rawat.
7. Ramprakash. 1986. Forest management. IBD Publishers, Debra Dun.
8. Tiwari, K.M. 1983. Social forestry in India. Nataraj Publishers, Dehra Dun.
9. WWF. 2007. Timber identification manual. TRAFFIC, New Delhi.
10. Dhiman, A.K. 2003. Sacred plants and their medicinal uses. Daya publishing house, New
Delhi.
11. Mehta, T. 1981. A handbook of forest utilization. Periodical Expert Book Agency, New Delhi.
12. Nair, N.C and Henry, A.N. 1983. Flora of Tamilnadu, India. Series: 1, Analysis, Vol.1. BSI,
Coimbatore, India.
Page 76 of 91
Reference Books:
1. Donald L. Grebner. Jacek P. Siry and Pete Bettinger. 2012. Introduction to forestry and
Natural resources Academic press
2. West, P.W. 2015. Tree and forest measurement, Springer international publishing
Switzerland.
3. Kollmann, F.F.P and Cote, W.A. 1988. Wood science and Technology. Vol. I & II Springer
Verlag, New York.
4. Rao, K.R. and Juneja, K.B.S. 1992. Field identification of 50 important timbers of India.
ICFRE Publi. Dehradun 123 p.
5. Avery, T.E. 1967. Forest Measurements. Mc Grand Hill Book Company, New York.
6. Manikandan K, Prabhu S. 2018. Indian Forestry A Breakthrough Approach To Forest
Services, Jain Brothers.
7. Pathak, P.S, Ram Newaj. 2012. Agro forestry: Potentials and Opportunities. India Agrobios.
8. Powell, Baden B.H. 2004. Manual of Forest Law. New Delhi: Biotech.
9. Uthappa, A.R. 2015. Sangram Bhanudas Chavan, Competitive Forestry, New Vishal
Publications, 1st ed.
10. Chaturvedi, A.N. and Khanna, L.S. 2015. Hand Book of Forestry (5th Edition).
11. Frederick Franklin Moon, 2018. The Book of Forestry. Repro Books.
12. Parthiban, K.T. 2018. Introduction to Forestry & Agroforestry.
Web resources:
1. http://wwwwds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDServer/WDSP/IB/2006/10/19/000112742
_2006 1019150049/Rendered/PDF/367890Loggerheads0Report.pdf.
2. https://www.britannica.com/science/forestry
3. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forestry.
4. https://www.biologydiscussion.com/forest/essay-forest-importance.major-
products-and-its-conservation/25119
5. https://academic.oop.com
https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agriculture-and-biological-science-forest-product.
Mapping with Programme Outcomes:
COs
PO1
PO2
PO3
PO4
PO5
PSO1
PSO2
PSO3
PSO4
PSO5
CO1
3
3
1
3
2
1
2
2
2
1
CO2
3
3
2
2
3
3
2
3
3
3
CO3
2
2
3
3
1
2
1
3
1
2
CO4
3
3
3
3
3
2
3
3
3
2
CO5
3
3
2
3
2
3
3
3
2
3
S-Strong (3) M-Medium (2) L-Low (1)
Page 77 of 91
ELECTIVE-VI: 3. GENE CLONING AND GENE THERAPY
Title of the Course
GENE CLONING AND GENE THERAPY
Paper Number
ELECTIVE VI
Category
Elective
Year
II
Credits
2
Course Code
Semester
IV
Instructional Hours
Per week
Lecture
Tutorial
Lab Practice
Total
2
2
-
4
Pre-requisite
To know about the gene cloning and gene therapy.
Learning Objectives
1. To give a clear knowledge of genetic engineering, cloning vectors,
enzymes involved in cloning.
2. To understand the procedure involved in recombinant DNA
technology and restriction mapping.
3. To focus on the application of gene cloning in plants and animals.
4. To enable the students to information onGene Therapy.
5. To raise student to create transgenic plants for hybrid seed
production and molecular farming.
UNIT
CONTENTS
I
Definition of genetic engineering, gene cloning and recombinant DNA cloning
vectors: plasmids, bacteriophages, plant and animal vectors. Restriction enzymes;
DNA modifying enzymes: nucleases, polymerases, phosphatases and ligases.
Construction of genomic and c-DNA libraries
II
Gene cloning in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, Isolation of DNA to be cloned, insertion
of DNA fragments into vector. Use of Restriction Linkers: use of Homopolyer tails,
Transfer of recombinant DNA into Bacteria cell. Selection of clones.
III
Gene Therapy: Definition, Germ cell and Somatic cell. Amniocentesis in human;
patient therapy, embryo therapy, Recombinant DNA technology for human insulin,
Hepatitis B vaccine, Tissue plasminogen activator, clotting factor VIII
IV
Types and uses of molecular markers- RFLP; PCR based markers like RAPD, SCAR,
SSR, STS, CAPS, AFLP, SNP. DNA finger printing; Gene Tagging. Physical
methods of gene delivery. Gene transfer techniques. Genetic counselling – Eugenics,
Euthenics.
V
Genomics: Structural genomics, microsatellite maps, cyotogenetic maps, physical
maps, positional cloning, chromosome walks and jumps, Genome sequencing,
genome databases, human genome sequencing project. Functional genomics.
transcriptome, proteome and metabolome, Microarrays and gene-chips.
Metabolomics: Identification and quantification of cellular metabolites in biological
samples. Pharmacogenomics and drug designing.
Course outcomes
CO
on completion of this course, the students will be able to
Programme
outcomes
CO 1
Recollect the basic concepts of gene cloning
K1
Page 78 of 91
CO 2
Demonstrate and to identify the selection of clones
K2
CO 3
Acquire knowledge on the gene therapy.
K3
CO 4
Compare and understand the concept of gene therapy.
K4
CO 5
Discuss and develop skills for hybrid seed production and molecular
farming.
K5 &
K6
Extended Professional Component (is a
part of internal component only, Not to be
included in the External Examination
question paper)
Questions related to the above topics, from various
competitive examinations UPSC / TRB / NET /
UGC – CSIR / GATE / TNPSC / others to be
solved (To be discussed during the Tutorial hour)
Skills acquired from this course
Knowledge, Problem Solving, Analytical ability,
Professional Competency, Professional
Communication and Transferrable Skill
Recommended Text:
1. Das, H.K. 2010. Textbook of Biotechnology (4th edition). Wiley India Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi
2. Gamborg, O.L and G.C. Phillips (eds). 1995. Plants, genes and agriculture. Jones and Bartlett
Publishers.
3. Verma, P.S and Agarwal V.K. 2009. Genetic Engineering. S. Chand & Co. Ltd. New Delhi
4. Kreuzer, H and A. Massey. 1996. Recombinant DNA and biotechnology. A guide for teachers.
ASM Press.
5. Ramavat, K.G. 2006. Plant Biotechnology. S. Chand and Co. Ltd., New Delhi.
6. Chawla, H.S. 2009. Introduction to Biotechnology. 2nd edn. Oxford IBH, ISBN: 978-81-204-
1732-8.
7. Halford, N. 2015. Plant Biotechnology: Current and Future Applications of Genetically
Modified crops, John Wiley and Sons.
8. Kumar, Pradeep. 2018. Advances in Microbial Biotechnology: Current Trends and Future
Prospects. 10.1201/9781351248914.
9. Thieman. 2014. Introduction to Biotechnology 3rd Edition. Pearson Education India.
10. Khan. I.A. and A. Khanum .2004. Fundamentals of Biotechnology – Forensic Science Genetic
Engineering. Ukaaz publication, Hyderabad.
11. Gupta. P.K. 1998. Elements of Biotechnology. Rastogi publications, Meerut.
Reference books:
1. Smith. J.K. 1996. Biotechnology – 3
rd
Ed. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge.
2. Slater, A. Scott, N and Fowler, M. 2008. Plant Biotechnology: The Genetic Manipulation
of Plants. Oxford University Press Inc.
3. Reynolds, P.H.S. 1999. Inducible Gene Expression in Plants. CABI Publishing, U.K.
4. Chawla, H.S. 2009. Introduction to Biotechnology, 2nd edn. Oxford IBH, ISBN: 978-81-
204-1732-8.
5. Halford, N. 2015. Plant Biotechnology: Current and Future Applications of Genetically
Modified Crops, John Wiley and Sons.
6. Brown T.A. 2001. Gene Cloning and DNA Analysis- An Introduction (4th edition).
Blackwell Science. Oxford.
Page 79 of 91
7. Clark, D.P and Pazdernik, N.J. 2009. Biotechnology- Applying the Genetic Revolution.
Elsevier Academic Press. USA.
8. Glick B.R and J. J. Pasternak. 2009. Molecular Biotechnology, Panima Publication Co.
9. Harisha, S. 2007. Biotechnology Procedures and Experiments Handbook. Infinity Science
Press Llc. Hingham. MA.
10. Mosier N.S and Ladisch M.R. 2009. Modern Biotechnology- Connecting Innovations in
Microbiology and Biochemistry to Engineering Fundamentals. John Wiley & Sons Inc.
New Jersey.
11. Primrose S., Twyman R. and Old B. 2001. Principles of Gene Manipulation (6th ed.).
Blackwell Science. Oxford.
12. Ignacimuthu, S.1998. Applied Plant Biotechnology. Tata Mc Graw Hill, publishing
company Ltd., New Delhi.
13. Neal Stewart, Jr. 2008. Plant Biotechnology and Genetics: Principles, Techniques and
Applications. JohnWiley & sons Inc.
Web resources:
1. https://www.amazon.in/Gene-Cloning-Manipulation-Christopher-Howe-
ebook/dp/B000SK4YLI
2. https://www.amazon.in/Gene-Cloning-Steve-Minchin-ebook/dp/B000SHTUT2
3. https://www.futuremedicine.com/doi/book/10.2217/9781780842134
4. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/51144570_Introduction_to_Gene_Therapy_A_Clini
cal_Aftermath
5. https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-88-470-1643-9
Mapping with Programme Outcomes:
COs
PO1
PO2
PO3
PO4
PO5
PSO1
PSO2
PSO3
PSO4
PSO5
CO1
3
3
1
3
2
1
2
2
1
2
CO2
3
3
2
2
3
3
2
3
3
2
CO3
3
2
3
3
1
2
1
3
2
1
CO4
3
3
3
3
3
2
3
3
2
3
CO5
3
3
2
3
2
3
3
3
3
3
S-Strong (3) M-Medium (2) L-Low (1)
Page 80 of 91
ELECTIVE-VI: 4. FARM SCIENCES- GREEN WEALTH
Title of the Course
FARM SCIENCES- GREEN WEALTH
Paper Number
ELECTIVE VI
Category
Elective
Year
II
Credits
2
Course Code
Semester
IV
Instructional Hours
Per week
Lecture
Tutorial
Lab Practice
Total
2
2
-
4
Pre-requisite
To understand the concept of fertilizers in crop production.
Learning Objectives
1. Understand the concept of agronomy and sustainable agriculture.
2. Evaluate the importance of crop management technology.
3. To develop their understanding on the concept of fertilizers.
4. Develop the integrated management for better crop production by
using fertilizers.
5. Develop the skills for cultivation of plants and their value added
processing/storage/quality control.
UNIT
CONTENTS
I
Agronomy and its scope, seeds and sowing, tillage and tilth, crop density and
geometry, crop nutrition, manures and fertilizers, nutrient use efficiency, water
resources, soil plant water relationship, crop water requirement, water use efficiency,
irrigation- scheduling criteria and methods, quality of irrigation water, water logging.
Efficient utilization of water through soil and crop management practices.
Management of crops in rain fed areas, Contingent crop planning for aberrant weather
conditions, Concept, objective, principles and components of watershed management,
factors affecting watershed management.
II
Weeds- importance, classification, crop weed competition, concepts of weed
management principles and methods, herbicides - classification, selectivity and
resistance, allelopathy. Growth and development of crops, factors affecting growth
and development, plant ideotypes, crop rotation and its principles, adaptation and
distribution of crops, crop management technologies in problematic areas, harvesting
and threshing of crops.
III
Identification of crops, seeds, fertilizers, pesticides and tillage implements, Effect of
sowing depth on germination and seedling vigor, Identification of weeds in crops,
Methods of herbicide and fertilizer application.
IV
Seed germination and viability test, Numerical exercises on fertilizer requirement,
herbicides and water requirement, Use of tillage implements - reversible plough, one
way plough, harrow, leveler, seed drill, Study of soil moisture measuring devices,
Measurement of field capacity, particle density, bulk density and infiltration rate,
Measurement of irrigation water.
V
Harvesting, storage, physiological disorders of important vegetable crops like
solanaceous fruit vegetables (brinjal & tomato), tuber crops (Potato), cucurbits
(pumpkin & cucumber), pod vegetables (pea & bean), cole crops (cabbage &
Page 81 of 91
cauliflower), bulb crops (onion & garlic), root crops (radish & carrot), common leafy
vegetables, spices (ginger & black pepper).
Course outcomes
CO
on completion of this course, the students will be able to
Programme
outcomes
CO 1
To identify the importance of agronomy and its scope
K1
CO 2
Demonstrate both the theoretical and practical knowledge in weed
management principles
K2
CO 3
Explain the methods of herbicide and fertilizer application.
K3
CO 4
Compare and contrast the yield estimation and water management
K4
CO 5
Discuss and develop skills for hybrid seed production and molecular
farming.
K5 &
K6
Extended Professional Component (is a
part of internal component only, Not to be
included in the External Examination
question paper)
Questions related to the above topics, from
various competitive examinations UPSC / TRB
/ NET / UGC – CSIR / GATE / TNPSC / others
to be solved (To be discussed during the
Tutorial hour)
Skills acquired from this course
Knowledge, Problem Solving, Analytical
ability, Professional Competency, Professional
Communication and Transferrable Skill
Recommended Text:
1. Reddy, T.Y and G.H. Sankar Reddi. 2015. Principles of Agronomy. Kalyani Publishers.
2. Reddy, S.R. 2016. Principles of Agronomy. Kalyani Publishers.
3. Brady, N.C and Weil, R.R. 1996. The Nature and Properties of Soils - Weil, Prentice Hall Inc.
4. Craig, C. Sheaffer and Kristine, M. Moncada. 2012. Introduction to Agronomy-Food crops
and Environment (Second Edition).
5. George Acquaah. 2004. Principles of Crop production: Theory, Techniques, and Technology.
Pearson education.
References books:
1. Yawalkar, K.S. Agarwal, J. P and S. Bokde. 1967. Manures and fertilizers – AgriHorticultural
Publication House.
2. Russell, J.E. 2002. Soil Conditions and Plants Growth - Daya Books.
3. Hansen, V. E. Israelsen, O.W and G. E. Stringham. 1980. Irrigation Principles and Practices -,
New York Wiley.
4. Reddy, S.R. 2017. Principles of Agronomy. Kalyani Publishers
5. Sathe, T.V. 2004. Vermiculture and Organic Farming. Daya publishers.
Page 82 of 91
Web resources:
1. https://www.amazon.in/Green-Wealth-Unusable-Moneymaking-Assets-
ebook/dp/B004D2AYPW
2. https://www.kobo.com/us/en/ebook/green-wealth
3. https://nishat2013.files.wordpress.com/2013/11/agronomy-book.pdf
4. https://www.kobo.com/in/en/ebook/weed-2
5. https://www.amazon.in/Handbook-Fertilizers-Sources-Make-Up-Effects-
ebook/dp/B00D45LHAK
Mapping with Programme Outcomes:
COs
PO1
PO2
PO3
PO4
PO5
PSO1
PSO2
PSO3
PSO4
PSO5
CO1
3
3
1
3
2
1
2
2
1
2
CO2
3
3
2
2
3
3
2
3
3
2
CO3
2
2
3
3
1
2
1
3
2
1
CO4
3
3
3
3
3
2
3
3
2
3
CO5
3
3
2
2
3
2
2
3
3
3
S-Strong (3) M-Medium (2) L-Low (1)
Page 83 of 91
PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCY SKILL / SKILL ENHANCEMENT COURSE III
1. BOTANY FOR COMPETITIVE EXAMINATIONS
Title of the Course
BOTANY FOR COMPETITIVE EXAMINATIONS
(NET/UGC-CSIR/SET/TRB/UPSC/TNPSC/other competitive examinations)
Paper Number
Skill enhancement 3
Category
Skill
Enhancement
Year
II
Credits
2
Course Code
Semester
IV
Instructional Hours
Per week
Lecture
Tutorial
Lab Practice
Total
2
2
-
4
Pre-requisite
To understand the concept of skill enhancement.
Learning Objectives
1. Competitive examinations syllabus shall introduce the concepts of
breadth and depth in learning.
2. Shall produce competent plant biologists who can employ and
implement their gained knowledge in basic and applied aspects that
will profoundly influence competitive ability.
3. Will increase the ability of critical thinking, development of scientific
attitude, handling of problems and generating solutions.
4. Students will make them competent enough for doing jobs in Govt.
and private sectors of academia, research and industry along with
preparation for national competitive examinations
5. Students will be able to contribute research in the field of plant
sciences.
UNIT
CONTENTS
I
Microbiology: Structure and reproduction of viruses, bacteria and fungi. Applications
of microbes in agriculture, industry, medicine and in control of water pollution.
Plant Pathology: Important crop diseases caused by viruses, bacteria, mycoplasma,
fungi and nematodes with special reference to India; Classification of Plant Diseases
Structural and biochemical host defense mechanisms;
Economic Botany (Botanical name, family, useful part and uses): cereals, fibre
yielding plants, plantation crops, sugar yielding plants, narcotics, vegetables, oil
yielding plants, pulses, beverages and minor forest products - resins, gums, tannin and
rubber yielding plants,
II
Cryptogams: Algae, fungi, lichens, bryophytes, pteridophytes - structure and
reproduction and economic importance.
Phanerogams: Gymnosperms: structure, reproduction and economic importance;
Geological time scale; Type of fossils and their study techniques. Angiosperms:
International Code of Botanical Nomenclature; Origin and evolution of angiosperms,
natural and phylogenetic systems of classification.
III
Cell Biology: Ultrastructure of cell - cell wall, plasma membrane, chloroplast,
endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, lysosomes, flagella and nucleus. Cell division –
mitosis, meiosis and their significance; Chromosome – morphology, fine structure,
Types – giant chromosome, Isochromosome
Bio-chemistry: Chemistry of carbohydrates, proteins, amino acids and lipids -
structure, properties and classification. Nucleic acids – structure and properties, types
Page 84 of 91
of DNA – different types of RNA, properties and functions. Enzymes – Properties,
mode of action, nomenclature and classification.
IV
Plant Physiology: Photosynthesis – Light reaction and carbon fixation pathways; C3,
C4 and CAM pathways; Mechanism of phloem transport; Respiration - Glycolysis,
Krebs cycle, Electron Transport. Nitrogen fixation – symbiotic and non-symbiotic.
Auxins, cytokinins. Gibberellins, phytochromes – role and mode of action.
Genetics: Mendelian and non-mendelian inheritance – linkage and crossing over.
Mutation – Mutagenic agents; Chromosomal aberrations. Nucleic acids as genetic
material – Replication of DNA – Methods and models in DNA repair mechanism –
split genes –Jumping and mobilic genes – concepts of gene – Cistron, Muton and
recon.
V
Ecology: Ecological factors – their classification and interaction. Synecology –
classification of plant communities. Raunkiaer’s life – forms – Ecological succession –
causes and effects climax concept. Eco system – components and inter relationship.
Bio-geo-chemical cycles. Major sanctuaries, National parks in Tamil Nadu.
Plant Geography: Principles of Plant Geography Dispersal and migration – Types –
Age and Area hypothesis – continuous range, cosmopolitan, circum polar, circum
boreal and circum austral, pantropical Discontinuous distribution – Wegner’s theory of
continental drift.
Recommend text Books
1. Pulliah T, Varalakshmi Narayana D, and P Suresh 2021 Botany for Competitive
Examinations: (Useful for UPSC-Indian Forest Service, Civil Services, PCS, ASRB CSIR -
NET, ICAR-NET and Other Competitive Exams) Astal crackers publication
2. Sunit Mitra 2017 Botany for Competitive Examinations Edition 1 Academic Publishers
3. Pullaiah T 2021 Objective Botany: Question Bank for Civil Service Examinations NET,
SET, Ph.D. And Allied Examination: Regency Publications
4. Mitra, S. 2016. Botany for competitive examinations, Academic Publishers.
5. Mohd Akil Shahezad. 2018. M.C.Qs. in Botany, Library Book House.
6. Sharma, P.C. 2017. Text Book of Plant Anatomy. Arjun Publishing House, New Delhi.
6. Sharma, O.P. 2017. Plant Taxonomy. (II Edition). The McGraw Hill Companies Taxonomy:
Nair Datta
7. Thieman. 2014. Introduction to Biotechnology 3rd Edition. Pearson Education India.
Reference Books
1. De Robertis and De Robertis. 1990. Cell and Molecular Biology, Saunders College,
Philadelphia, USA.
2. Gardner, E.J., Simmons, M.J and Snustad, D. 1991. Principles of Genetics, John Wiley Sons
Inc., 8
th
Edn., New York.
3. Salisbury, F. B.C.W. Ross.1991. Plant Physiology. Wassworth Pub. Co. Belmont.
4. Sharma, P.D. 2017. Ecology and Environment- Rastogi Publication, Meerut.
5. Vardhana, R. 2009. Economic Botany. 1st ed. Sarup Book Publishers Pvt Ltd. New Delhi.
6. Power, C.B and Daginawa, H.F. 2010. General Microbiology: Himalaya Publishing House
Pvt Ltd,
Page 85 of 91
7. Rangasamy, G. 2006. Disease of crop plants in India (4th edition). Tata Mc Graw Hill New
Delhi.
8. Singh, V., Pande, P.C and Jain, D.K. 2021. A Text Book of Botany. Rastogi
Publications, Meerut.
9. Bhojwani, S.S. Bhatnagar, S.P and Dantu, P.K. 2015. The Embryology of Angiosperms
(6th revised and enlarged edition). Vikas Publishing House, New Delhi.
Web resources
1. https://www.amazon.in/BOTANY-COMPETITIVE-EXAMINATIONS-SUNIT-
MITRA/dp/9383420898
2. https://www.amazon.in/Botany-Competitive-Examinations-UPSC-Indian-
Competive/dp/B08VWB64BC
3. https://www.ssclatestnews.com/botany-book-pdf-free-download-for-competitive-exams/
4. https://sscstudy.com/botany-for-competitive-exams-pdf/
5. https://www.amazon.in/Botany-Entrance-Examination-Anupam-Rajak-
ebook/dp/B089S1GLMP
Mapping with Programme Outcomes:
COs
PO1
PO2
PO3
PO4
PO5
PSO1
PSO2
PSO3
PSO4
PSO5
CO1
3
3
1
3
2
1
1
2
3
1
CO 2
3
2
1
2
3
3
2
3
2
1
CO 3
2
2
3
3
1
2
1
3
2
3
CO 4
3
3
3
3
3
2
3
3
3
3
CO 5
3
3
2
3
2
1
3
3
3
2
S-Strong (3) M-Medium (2) L-Low (1)
Page 86 of 91
PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCY SKILL / SKILL ENHANCEMENT COURSE III
2. BOTANY FOR ADVANCED RESEARCH
Title of the Course
BOTANY FOR ADVANCED RESEARCH
Paper Number
Skill enhancement 3
Category
Skill
Enhancement
Year
II
Credits
2
Course Code
Semester
IV
Instructional Hours
Per week
Lecture
Tutorial
Lab Practice
Total
2
2
-
4
Pre-requisite
Students should to improve their career prospects, or pursuing a
passion.
Learning Objectives
1. To be familiar with the basic concepts and principles of plant
systematics.
2. Learn the importance of plant anatomy in plant production
systems.
3. To expose the students a fundamental of the various techniques
used in molecular studies.
4. To learn about the physiological processes that underlie plant
metabolism.
5. To know the energy production and its utilization in plants.
UNIT
CONTENTS
I
Molecular trends in Biosystematics: techniques used in molecular taxonomy,
molecular systematics in crop evolution, Serology in relation to plant taxonomy.
Cladistics and Phenetics, Chemotaxonomy
Molecular trends in Reproductive Biology: Apomixis – Types, cytogenetic basis
and induction of apomixes, applications. Biochemistry and genetics of incompatibility,
methods to overcome incompatibility. Sterility – Male sterility, CMS, GMS, CGMS,
transgenic male sterility, female sterility and zygotic sterility
Palynology: Sporopollenin, Pollenkit, NPC system
II
Cell Biology: Microscopy- Principles of Light, Phase contrast, Interference,
Fluorescent, SEM, TEM. molecular cytogenetics- FISH, GISH, SKY
Plant Physiology Photoperiodism General principles, florigen concept, Circadian
rhythms, Phytochrome genes and their expression, control of photo-morphogenic
responses. Plant growth and development Patterns of growth and differentiation,
ABCD model in Arabidopsis flower.
III
Molecular Biology: DNA isolation, chromosome walking, chromosome jumping,
principles and applications of recombinant DNA technology, DNA fingerprinting,
DNA foot printing, DNA sequencing, PCR, RFLP, RAPD, AFLP, ISSR, Southern,
Northern and Western blotting techniques. Exon shuffling, exon trapping, protein
isolation.
IV
Extraction and separation techniques- Cell fractionation- Chromatography-principle
and classification, Paper chromatography-, TLC, Column chromatography,
Adsorption- Gel filtrationIon exchange- Affinity chromatography- GC, HPTLC.
Electrophoresis Principle, type, paper, starch gel, polyacrylamide, agarose, immuno
electrophoresis. Centrifugation.
Page 87 of 91
V
Spectroscopy-nature of Electromagnetic Radiation.– UV and visible spectroscopy, IR
spectroscopy. Spectroflurometry. Electron spin Resonance- NMR-Mass spectrometry
and spectrophotometry. Enzyme assay and kinetics, ELISA, RIA, calorimetric studies,
Karyotype and pachytene analysis, acetolysis, banding techniques, scoring of
chromosomal aberrations
Course outcomes
CO
on completion of this course, the students will be able to
Programme
outcomes
CO 1
1.Understand of the basic principles of systematics, including
identification, nomenclature, classification, and the inference of
evolutionary patterns from data
K1, K2
& K5
CO 2
2. Learn the structures, functions and roles of apical vs lateral meristems
in monocot and dicot plant growth.
K1,K3 & K5
CO 3
3. Understand the organization of nuclear genome
K3 & K5
CO 4
4. Understand the various steps involved in the basic functioning of plant
growth and the nutritive value of food.
K2, K3
& K5
CO 5
5. Gain awareness about the various process involved in the energy
production in plants and metabolic pathways.
K1, K5
& K6
Extended Professional Component (is a part
of internal component only, Not to be
included in the External Examination
question paper)
Questions related to the above topics, from various
competitive examinations UPSC / TRB / NET /
UGC – CSIR / GATE / TNPSC / others to be
solved (To be discussed during the Tutorial hour)
Skills acquired from this course
Knowledge, Problem Solving, Analytical ability,
Professional Competency, Professional
Communication and Transferrable Skill
Recommended Text:
1. Sharma, O.P. 2017. Plant Taxonomy. (II Edition). The McGraw Hill Companies.
2. Maheshwari, P. 1963. Recent Advances in Embryology of Angiosperms. Intl. Soc. Plant
Morphologists, New Delhi.
3. Sharma, P.C. 2017. Text Book of Plant Anatomy. Arjun Publishing House, New Delhi.
4. Jain, V.K. 2017. Plant Physiology, S.Chand & Company Ltd. New Delhi.
5. Lincoln, T, Eduardo, Z, Ian Max, M, and Angus, M. 2018. Fundamentals of Plant
Physiology. Sinauer Associates Inc., US.
6. Becker, W.M., Kleinsmith L.J. & Hardin J. 2005. The World of the Cell (6th edition).
Benjamin/Cummings Pub. Co. New York.
7. Brooker, R. J. 1999. Genetics Analysis and Principles. Addison Wesley Longman Inc., New
York.
8. Bruce, A. et. al. 2002. Molecular Biology of the Cell. Garland Publishing. New York.
Page 88 of 91
Reference books:
1. Mabberley, J.D. 2014. Mebberley’s Plant-Book: A portable dictionary of plants, their
classification and uses, 3rd ed. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, U.K. 1021pp.
2. Pandey.B.P. 1999. Economic Botany. S. Chand Limited, New Delhi.
3. Bhojwani, S.S. and Soh, W.Y. 2013. Current trends in the embryology of angiosperms.
Springer Science & Business Media, Germany.
4. Cutler, D. F., Botha, T and Stevenson, D.W. 2008. Plant Anatomy: An Applied Approach.
Blackwell Publishing, Malden, USA.
5. Steward, F.C. 2012. Plant Physiology Academic Press, US.
6. Hopkins, W.G and Huner, N.P. 2009. Introduction to Plant Physiology (4th ed.). John Wiley
& Sons. U.S.A.
7. Noggle G.R and G.J. Fritz. 2002. Introductory Plant Physiology. Prentice Hall of India, New
Delhi.
8. Anthony J. F. G .2000. An Introduction to Genetic Analysis. W. H. Freeman &Co. New York.
9. Hartl,. D.L & Jones E. W. 2000. Genetic analysis of Genes and Genomes Jones and Bartlett
Pub, Boston.
10. Klug.S.W. & Cummings, M.R. 2003. Concepts of Genetics. Pearson Education Pvt. Ltd.,
Singapore. Kreezer et al. 2001. Recombinant DNA and Biotechnology. American Society for
Cell Biology, New York.
11. Lodish Harvey. 1999. Molecular Cell Biology. W.H. Freeman &Co. New York.
12. Russell, P.J. 2005. Genetics: A Molecular Approach (2nd edition). Pearson/Benjamin
Cumming, San Francisco.
13. Snustad, D. P. & Simmons M.J. 2003.Principles of Genetics. John Hailey & Sons Inc. U.S.A.
Web resources:
1. http:// www.ornl.gov.
2. http:// ash. gene. ncl.ac.nk.
3. http://tor. cshl. org. http:www.gdb. org.
4. http: //www. neg r. org.
5. http: // www. genetics. wustl.edu.
6. http: // genome. imb- jena. dc.
Mapping with Programme Outcomes:
COs
PO1
PO2
PO3
PO4
PO5
PSO1
PSO2
PSO3
PSO4
PSO5
CO1
3
3
1
3
2
1
2
2
2
2
CO 2
3
3
2
2
3
3
2
3
2
3
CO 3
2
2
3
3
1
2
1
3
1
3
CO 4
3
3
3
3
2
2
3
2
3
1
CO 5
3
3
2
3
2
1
3
3
2
3
S-Strong (3) M-Medium (2) L-Low (1)
Page 89 of 91
EXTENSION ACTIVITY
Title of the Course
Extension Activity
Paper Number
SKILL ENHANCEMENT - III
Category
Part -
C
Year
II
Credits
1
Course Code
Semester
IV
Instructional Hours
Per week
Lecture
Tutorial
Lab Practice
Total
-
-
-
-
Learning Objectives
To arouse social consciousness of the students by providing
them opportunities to work with and among the people.
To develop an awareness and knowledge of social realities to have
concern for the well-being of the community and engage in creative and
constructive social action.
To provide with rich and meaningful educational experiences to them
in order to make their education complete and meaningful.
To give them the opportunities for their personality development
Identify the needs and problems related to environment and involve them
in problem solving process.
A. GUIDELINES FOR THE EXTENSION ACTIVITY COURSE
1. Campus Work (30 hours/semester) (group activity – each group maximum number of students -
5)
Development & maintenance of Botanical Garden, Lawn, Green house, Herbal Garden,
Kitchen Garden / preparation and maintenance of a museum / seed bank (30 specimens) etc.
on the college campus
2. Adopted Village – (Near the College) (20 hours / semester)
Activities including
a) Plantation of tree saplings, Medical Camps, Rallies, and any activity relating to
environmental awareness, Disposal of garbage & composting, Environmental sanitation,
Swachh Bharat Mission scheme program, Plastic and Waste Collection Drive, Celebration /
observation of Important days in villages, etc.
Page 90 of 91
At the end of the semester each student should submit a report and data sheet of the events
with GIS photographs.
Data sheet (Model) – Continuous Internal Assessment
Extension Activity
Data Sheet
Name of student:
Reg. No.:
Class:
Academic year:
Date
Time
Name of
the activity
Name of the
village / college
Details about the
activity done
Signature
by teacher
in-charge
Signature
by the
HOD
b) Survey on Environmental awareness/ environmental issues/ climate change
/pollution/conservation etc.
Students should prepare a questionnaire about any one theme related to the
environment/traditional knowledge/ conservation etc. The questionnaire contains a minimum
of 20 questions to reflect the purpose of their specific subject. The survey will be conducted
with a minimum of 30 participants. During data collection, participants were requested to fill
out the questionnaire completely. Data analysis focuses on organizing information and making
logical or statistical inferences; interpretation, and drawing conclusions. Prepare and submit a
report for external valuation. Report should include title, certificate by teacher in-charge,
introduction, results, analysis, conclusions and action required.
B. SCHEME OF EVALUATION
Internal
Evaluation Criteria
Maximum marks for
each category
Active participation in the campus work
15
Active participation in the village work
15
Plan of work and calendar of operations,
Follow through plan of work
10
Preparation and submission of questionnaire,
data sheet and report with GIS photos
10
Total
50
Page 91 of 91
External
Evaluation Criteria
Maximum Marks for
Each Category
PowerPoint presentation of activities done
with GIS photos
20
Viva - Knowledge, Attitude
10
Questionnaire report
10
Data sheet and report with GIS photos
10
Total
50
