10
HYDRAULICS & FLUID MECHANICS
No of Period in one session : 60
Rationale:
Water Management has a prime importance in the development of any country. This management covers the qualities of
drinking water, its viability, controlling of flow of water, its pressure calculation, different effects produced on the objects by it.
The energy associated with it i.e. Hydraulic energy & its use.
Now a day it is a great task to control the flood and desert. A diploma holder technician must have the capacity to control
the natural hazards occurred due to water or to develop new cultivated area from desert lands. Seeing the today’s requirement this
paper, fluid mechanics has been designed.
Objective:
The student should be able to:
(i) Analyze the difference of drinking and not drinking water and should know the principles to convert not drinking water
into drinking water.
(ii) Measure pressure to ensure safe working of submerged objects.
(iii) Calculate the specific gravity & wet of fluid on/in an object.
(iv) Assess the requirements of service water for the house.
(v) Maintain & regulate the flow of fluids in a pipe line. And at last should have the basic concepts of almost all types of
problems related to water.
S. No. Topics Periods
01 Basic Concepts of Fluids (12)
02 Hydrostatic Forces on Surfaces (06)
03 Hydro Kinematics & Dynamics (08)
04 Orifice (04)
05 Loss of Head (04)
06 Mouthpieces & Pipes (06)
07 Hydraulic Gradient (06)
08 Branching of Pipes & Transmission of Power through Pipes (08)
09 Impact of Jet & Water Turbine (06)
(60)
CONTENTS:
TOPIC: 01 – BASIC CONCEPTS OF FLUID :
01.01 Fluid (Definition & its types). Formula for Newtonian Fluid Concept of hydraulics/ F.M. classification of
hydraulics Hydrostatics, hydro kinematics.
01.02 Properties of Water – Specific gravity, surface tension, viscosity, cohesion-adhesion.
01.03 Types of Pressures – Atmospheric gauge, vacuum, vapour etc. & its units. Pressure measuring
Instruments – Barometer, Simple Manometer, Differential Manometer, Inverted manometer, Enlarged
End Manometer – Numerical problems.
01.04 Mechanical gauges – Borden tube, diaphragm, dead weight pressure.
01.05 Types of flow – Stream, streak, uniform, non-uniform, steady, unsteady, laminar, turbulent, compressible,
incompressible, rotational, irrotational, path line, streamline, stream tube – definition only, Reynolds
No. & its application in laminar & turbulent flow over a plate.
TOPIC: 02 – HYDROSTATIC FORCES ON SURFACES:
02.01 Total Pressure and Centre of Pressure, pressure at a point in a liquid, centre of pressure, total for
on-horizontal surface area, vertical surface area & inclined surface area. Practical application on Centre
of Pressure, Pressure diagram. Resultant Pressure, Sluice gate, lock gate, masonry wall and dam.
TOPIC: 03 – HYDROKINEMATICS & DYNAMICS:
03.01 Equation of continuity of flow – Discharge of rate of flow & its units. Equation of continuity of flow.
Potential or static head, static energy, pressure head and pressure energy, kinetic head and kinetic energy,
conversion of one energy into another energy.